Nardecchia Stefania, Sánchez-Moreno Paola, Vicente Juan de, Marchal Juan A, Boulaiz Houria
Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, C/Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2019 Feb 2;9(2):191. doi: 10.3390/nano9020191.
Currently, we are facing increasing demand to develop efficient systems for the detection and treatment of diseases that can realistically improve distinct aspects of healthcare in our society. Sensitive nanomaterials that respond to environmental stimuli can play an important role in this task. In this manuscript, we review the clinical trials carried out to date on thermosensitive nanomaterials, including all those clinical trials in hybrid nanomaterials that respond to other stimuli (e.g., magnetic, infrared radiation, and ultrasound). Specifically, we discuss their use in diagnosis and treatment of different diseases. At present, none of the existing trials focused on diagnosis take advantage of the thermosensitive characteristics of these nanoparticles. Indeed, almost all clinical trials consulted explore the use of Ferumoxytol as a current imaging test enhancer. However, the thermal property is being further exploited in the field of disease treatment, especially for the delivery of antitumor drugs. In this regard, ThermoDox®, based on lysolipid thermally sensitive liposome technology to encapsulate doxorubicin (DOX), is the flagship drug. In this review, we have evidenced the discrepancy existing between the number of published papers in thermosensitive nanomaterials and their clinical use, which could be due to the relative novelty of this area of research; more time is needed to validate it through clinical trials. We have no doubt that in the coming years there will be an explosion of clinical trials related to thermosensitive nanomaterials that will surely help to improve current treatments and, above all, will impact on patients' quality of life and life expectancy.
目前，我们面临着日益增长的需求，即开发高效的疾病检测和治疗系统，这些系统能够切实改善我们社会医疗保健的不同方面。对环境刺激有响应的敏感纳米材料在这项任务中可以发挥重要作用。在本手稿中，我们回顾了迄今为止对热敏纳米材料进行的临床试验，包括所有那些对其他刺激（如磁、红外辐射和超声）有响应的混合纳米材料的临床试验。具体而言，我们讨论了它们在不同疾病诊断和治疗中的应用。目前，现有的专注于诊断的试验均未利用这些纳米颗粒的热敏特性。事实上，几乎所有查阅的临床试验都在探索将铁氧还蛋白作为当前成像测试增强剂的用途。然而，热特性在疾病治疗领域正得到进一步利用，尤其是在抗肿瘤药物递送方面。在这方面，基于溶血磷脂热敏脂质体技术包裹阿霉素（DOX）的ThermoDox®是旗舰药物。在本综述中，我们证实了热敏纳米材料已发表论文数量与其临床应用之间存在差异，这可能是由于该研究领域相对新颖；需要更多时间通过临床试验来验证它。我们毫不怀疑，在未来几年，与热敏纳米材料相关的临床试验将会激增，这必将有助于改善当前的治疗方法，最重要的是，将对患者的生活质量和预期寿命产生影响。
