Segal Jonathan P, Mullish Benjamin H, Quraishi Mohammed Nabil, Acharjee Animesh, Williams Horace R T, Iqbal Tariq, Hart Ailsa L, Marchesi Julian R
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Department, St Mark's Hospital, Harrow HA1 3UJ, UK.
Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Disease, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK.
Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2019 Jan 24;12:1756284818822250. doi: 10.1177/1756284818822250. eCollection 2019.
The aetiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) involves the complex interaction between a patient's genetic predisposition, environment, gut microbiota and immune system. Currently, however, it is not known if the distinctive perturbations of the gut microbiota that appear to accompany both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are the cause of, or the result of, the intestinal inflammation that characterizes IBD. With the utilization of novel systems biology technologies, we can now begin to understand not only details about compositional changes in the gut microbiota in IBD, but increasingly also the alterations in microbiota function that accompany these. Technologies such as metagenomics, metataxomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics and metabonomics are therefore allowing us a deeper understanding of the role of the microbiota in IBD. Furthermore, the integration of these systems biology technologies through advancing computational and statistical techniques are beginning to understand the microbiome interactions that both contribute to health and diseased states in IBD. This review aims to explore how such systems biology technologies are advancing our understanding of the gut microbiota, and their potential role in delineating the aetiology, development and clinical care of IBD.
炎症性肠病（IBD）的发病机制涉及患者的遗传易感性、环境、肠道微生物群和免疫系统之间的复杂相互作用。然而，目前尚不清楚在克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎中似乎都存在的肠道微生物群的独特扰动是IBD特征性肠道炎症的原因还是结果。随着新型系统生物学技术的应用，我们现在不仅能够开始了解IBD中肠道微生物群组成变化的细节，而且越来越能够了解伴随这些变化的微生物群功能改变。因此，宏基因组学、宏分类学、宏转录组学、宏蛋白质组学和代谢组学等技术使我们能够更深入地了解微生物群在IBD中的作用。此外，通过先进的计算和统计技术整合这些系统生物学技术，开始了解在IBD中对健康和疾病状态都有影响的微生物组相互作用。本综述旨在探讨此类系统生物学技术如何增进我们对肠道微生物群的理解，以及它们在阐明IBD的病因、发展和临床护理方面的潜在作用。
