Ni Josephine, Wu Gary D, Albenberg Lindsey, Tomov Vesselin T
Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, 914 BRB II/III, Philadeplhia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017 Oct;14(10):573-584. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2017.88. Epub 2017 Jul 19.
A general consensus exists that IBD is associated with compositional and metabolic changes in the intestinal microbiota (dysbiosis). However, a direct causal relationship between dysbiosis and IBD has not been definitively established in humans. Findings from animal models have revealed diverse and context-specific roles of the gut microbiota in health and disease, ranging from protective to pro-inflammatory actions. Moreover, evidence from these experimental models suggest that although gut bacteria often drive immune activation, chronic inflammation in turn shapes the gut microbiota and contributes to dysbiosis. The purpose of this Review is to summarize current associations between IBD and dysbiosis, describe the role of the gut microbiota in the context of specific animal models of colitis, and discuss the potential role of microbiota-focused interventions in the treatment of human IBD. Ultimately, more studies will be needed to define host-microbial relationships relevant to human disease and amenable to therapeutic interventions.
目前已形成一种普遍共识，即炎症性肠病（IBD）与肠道微生物群的组成和代谢变化（生态失调）有关。然而，生态失调与IBD之间的直接因果关系在人类中尚未得到明确证实。动物模型的研究结果揭示了肠道微生物群在健康和疾病中具有多样且因具体情况而异的作用，范围从保护作用到促炎作用。此外，这些实验模型的证据表明，尽管肠道细菌常常驱动免疫激活，但慢性炎症反过来会塑造肠道微生物群并导致生态失调。本综述的目的是总结IBD与生态失调之间的当前关联，描述肠道微生物群在特定结肠炎动物模型中的作用，并讨论以微生物群为重点的干预措施在人类IBD治疗中的潜在作用。最终需要更多研究来确定与人类疾病相关且适合进行治疗干预措施的宿主-微生物关系
