2014 - 2017年州政府公共卫生工作人员的变化：人口统计学与认知情况
Changes in the State Governmental Public Health Workforce: Demographics and Perceptions, 2014-2017.
作者信息
Bogaert Kyle, Castrucci Brian C, Gould Elizabeth, Sellers Katie, Leider Jonathon P
机构信息
Association of State and Territorial Health Officials, Arlington, Virginia (Ms Bogaert and Dr Gould); de Beaumont Foundation, Bethesda, Maryland (Drs Castrucci and Sellers); and Division of Health Policy & Management, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Dr Leider).
出版信息
J Public Health Manag Pract. 2019 Mar/Apr;25 Suppl 2, Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey 2017(2 Suppl):S58-S66. doi: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000000933.
CONTEXT
Workforce is a critical cog in the governmental public health enterprise in the United States. Until 2014, workforce research was largely conducted at the organizational level. However, the fieldings of the Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey allow for nationally representative comparisons with individual respondents.
OBJECTIVE
Using data from agencies that participated in 2014 and 2017, we conducted multi-cross-sectional comparisons of the Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey data.
DESIGN
The Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey participants at the State Health Agency Central Offices were surveyed using a Web-based platform. Balanced repeated replication weights were used to account for differential designs between 2014 and 2017.
SETTING
Thirty-three state health agency central offices that participated in both 2014 and 2017.
PARTICIPANTS
Permanently employed governmental public health staff.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
We examined changes in perceptions of the workplace environment, job and pay satisfaction, intent to leave, awareness of emerging concepts in public health, and demographic/worker characteristics. Pearson and Rao-Scott-adjusted χ analyses were used to compare changes between 2014 and 2017.
RESULTS
The percentage of staff who are people of color increased from 29% (95% confidence interval, 28%-30%) to 37% (95% confidence interval, 36%-38%) from 2014 to 2017 across 33 states. Approximately 26% of staff were younger than 40 years in 2014 compared with 29% in 2017 (P < .001). Job satisfaction increased in 17 states overall (P < .05, n = 5) and decreased in 16 states (P < .05, n = 5) but did not change in aggregate. Overall, the percentage of staff considering leaving the organization in the next year or retiring within 5 years is up from 44% to 48% (P < .001).
CONCLUSIONS
Global measures of satisfaction are relatively high and consistent between 2014 and 2017. Demographics are shifting toward a marginally younger workforce as many retire, and a significant portion of staff indicates that they are considering leaving their organization or planning to retire.
背景
劳动力是美国政府公共卫生事业的关键要素。直到2014年，劳动力研究主要在组织层面进行。然而，《公共卫生劳动力兴趣与需求调查》的实施使得能够对全国具有代表性的个体受访者进行比较。
目的
利用参与2014年和2017年调查的机构的数据，我们对《公共卫生劳动力兴趣与需求调查》的数据进行了多截面比较。
设计
通过基于网络的平台对州卫生机构中央办公室参与《公共卫生劳动力兴趣与需求调查》的人员进行调查。使用平衡重复复制权重来考虑2014年和2017年之间的不同设计。
地点
33个在2014年和2017年都参与调查的州卫生机构中央办公室。
参与者
长期受雇的政府公共卫生工作人员。
主要观察指标
我们考察了工作场所环境认知、工作和薪酬满意度、离职意愿、对公共卫生新出现概念的知晓度以及人口统计学/工作人员特征的变化。使用Pearson和Rao-Scott校正的χ分析来比较2014年和2017年之间的变化。
结果
在33个州，有色人种工作人员的比例从2014年的29%（95%置信区间，28%-30%）增至2017年的37%（95%置信区间，36%-38%）。2014年约26%的工作人员年龄在40岁以下，而2017年这一比例为29%（P <.001）。总体而言，17个州的工作满意度有所提高（P <.05，n = 5），16个州的工作满意度有所下降（P <.05，n = 5），但总体上没有变化。总体而言，考虑在明年离职或在5年内退休的工作人员比例从44%升至48%（P <.001）。
结论
2014年至2017年期间，总体满意度相对较高且保持一致。随着许多人退休，人口统计学特征正朝着劳动力略微年轻化转变，并且相当一部分工作人员表示他们正在考虑离开所在机构或计划退休。
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