Department of Medical Technology, Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, 543 Takooda, Tobecho,Ehime 791-2102, Japan.
Cells. 2019 Feb 4;8(2):124. doi: 10.3390/cells8020124.
The primary functions of the nuclear envelope are to isolate the nucleoplasm and its contents from the cytoplasm as well as maintain the spatial and structural integrity of the nucleus. The nuclear envelope also plays a role in the transfer of various molecules and signals to and from the nucleus. To reach the nucleus, an extracellular signal must be transmitted across three biological membranes: the plasma membrane, as well as the inner and outer nuclear membranes. While signal transduction across the plasma membrane is well characterized, signal transduction across the nuclear envelope, which is essential for cellular functions such as transcriptional regulation and cell cycle progression, remains poorly understood. As a physical entity, the nuclear envelope, which contains more than 100 proteins, functions as a binding scaffold for both the cytoskeleton and the nucleoskeleton, and acts in mechanotransduction by relaying extracellular signals to the nucleus. Recent results show that the Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, which is a conserved molecular bridge that spans the nuclear envelope and connects the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton, is also capable of transmitting information bidirectionally between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. This short review discusses bidirectional signal transduction across the nuclear envelope, with a particular focus on mechanotransduction.
核膜的主要功能是将核质及其内容物与细胞质隔离开来，并维持核的空间和结构完整性。核膜还在核内外各种分子和信号的传递中发挥作用。为了到达细胞核，胞外信号必须穿过三个生物膜：质膜以及内、外核膜。虽然质膜上的信号转导已得到很好的描述，但对于核膜上的信号转导（对于转录调控和细胞周期进程等细胞功能至关重要），人们仍知之甚少。作为一个物理实体，核膜包含 100 多种蛋白质，它既是细胞骨架和核骨架的结合支架，也可以通过将胞外信号传递到细胞核来进行机械转导。最近的研究结果表明，连接核骨架和细胞质骨架的 Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton（LINC）复合物是一种保守的分子桥，它跨越核膜并连接核骨架和细胞质骨架，也能够在细胞核和细胞质之间双向传递信息。本文综述了核膜的双向信号转导，重点讨论了机械转导。
