Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
Chemosphere. 2019 May;222:489-493. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.156. Epub 2019 Jan 29.
Large-scale honey bee colony loss threatens pollination services throughout the United States. An increase in anthropogenic pressure may influence the exposure of hives to household and agricultural pesticides. The objective of this survey was to provide an assessment of the risk of exposure to commonly used pesticides to honey bee colonies in Virginia in relation to land use. Adult honey bee, pollen, and wax samples from colonies throughout Virginia were evaluated for pyrethroid, organophosphate, organochlorine, and triazine pesticides using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Of the 11 pesticides analyzed, nine were detected in one or more hive matrices. The probability of detecting a pesticide in pollen was less in forests than in pasture, agriculture, or urban landscapes. Coumaphos and fluvalinate were significantly more likely to be detected across all matrices with concentrations in wax as high as 15500 and 6970 ng/g (dry weight), respectively, indicating the need for further research on the potential effects of miticide accumulation in wax to larval and adult bees.
大规模的蜜蜂蜂群损失威胁着全美国的授粉服务。人为压力的增加可能会影响蜂箱接触家庭和农业农药的情况。本调查的目的是评估与土地利用有关的弗吉尼亚州蜜蜂蜂群接触常用农药的风险。使用气相色谱-质谱分析方法，对来自弗吉尼亚州各地蜂群的成年蜜蜂、花粉和蜂蜡样本进行了拟除虫菊酯、有机磷、有机氯和三嗪类农药的检测。在所分析的 11 种农药中，有 9 种在一种或多种蜂箱基质中被检测到。在森林中检测到农药的概率低于牧场、农业或城市景观。在所有基质中，均更有可能检测到氯菊酯和氟胺氰菊酯，其在蜂蜡中的浓度高达 15500 和 6970ng/g（干重），这表明需要进一步研究杀螨剂在蜂蜡中积累对幼虫和成年蜜蜂的潜在影响。
