School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Agios Ioannis, 62110, Serres, Greece.
Intensive Care Unit, 424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Eur J Nutr. 2020 Mar;59(2):505-515. doi: 10.1007/s00394-019-01919-4. Epub 2019 Feb 6.
Older individuals suffer from low NADH levels. We have previously shown that nicotinamide riboside [NR; a NAD(P)(H) precursor] administration impaired exercise performance in young rats. It has been suggested that supplementation of redox agents exerts ergogenic effect only in deficient individuals. We hypothesized that old individuals would more likely benefit from NR supplementation. We investigated the effect of acute NR supplementation on redox homeostasis and physical performance in young and old individuals.
Twelve young and twelve old men received NR or placebo in a double-blind cross-over design. Before and 2 h after NR or placebo supplementation, blood and urine samples were collected, while physical performance (VO, muscle strength, and fatigue) was assessed after the second blood sample collection.
At rest, old individuals exhibited lower erythrocyte NAD(P)H levels, higher urine F-isoprostanes and lower erythrocyte glutathione levels compared to young (P < 0.05). NR supplementation increased NADH (51% young; 59% old) and NADPH (32% young; 38% old) levels in both groups (P < 0.05), decreased F-isoprostanes by 18% (P < 0.05), and tended to increase glutathione (P = 0.078) only in the old. NR supplementation did not affect VO and concentric peak torque, but improved isometric peak torque by 8% (P = 0.048) and the fatigue index by 15% (P = 0.012) in the old. In contrast, NR supplementation did not exert any redox or physiological effect in the young.
NR supplementation increased NAD(P)H levels, decreased oxidative stress, and improved physical performance only in old subjects, substantiating that redox supplementation may be beneficial only in individuals with antioxidant deficiencies.
老年人 NADH 水平较低。我们之前的研究表明，烟酰胺核糖[NR；NAD（P）（H）前体]给药会损害年轻大鼠的运动表现。有人认为，氧化还原试剂的补充仅对缺乏个体发挥有益作用。我们假设老年人更有可能从 NR 补充中受益。我们研究了急性 NR 补充对年轻和老年个体氧化还原平衡和身体表现的影响。
12 名年轻和 12 名老年男性以双盲交叉设计接受 NR 或安慰剂。在 NR 或安慰剂补充前后 2 小时，采集血液和尿液样本，在第二次采集血液样本后评估身体表现（VO、肌肉力量和疲劳）。
在休息时，与年轻人相比，老年人的红细胞 NAD（P）H 水平较低，尿液 F-异前列烷水平较高，红细胞谷胱甘肽水平较低（P<0.05）。NR 补充增加了两组的 NADH（年轻人 51%；老年人 59%）和 NADPH（年轻人 32%；老年人 38%）水平（P<0.05），降低了 18%的 F-异前列烷（P<0.05），并且仅在老年人中倾向于增加谷胱甘肽（P=0.078）。NR 补充并未影响 VO 和向心峰值扭矩，但改善了等长峰值扭矩 8%（P=0.048）和疲劳指数 15%（P=0.012）在老年人中。相比之下，NR 补充在年轻人中没有发挥任何氧化还原或生理作用。
NR 补充增加了 NAD（P）H 水平，降低了氧化应激，并且仅在老年人中改善了身体表现，这证实了氧化还原补充可能仅对具有抗氧化剂缺乏的个体有益。
