Khanjani Narges, Jafari Majideh, Ahmadi Mousavi Effat
1Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
2Monash Centre for Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
J Environ Health Sci Eng. 2018 Oct 25;16(2):323-335. doi: 10.1007/s40201-018-0320-8. eCollection 2018 Dec.
Heavy metals may be carcinogenic and have serious health effects in humans. In this study, levels of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in human milk samples from Kerman, Iran were evaluated.
One-hundred breast milk samples were collected from mothers visiting 20 maternal and child care centers. Demographic, diet and smoking data was collected for each mother. Samples were analyzed by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Statistical analysis was done in Minitab15, through non-parametric methods, Spearman's correlation and chi-square.
The mean ± sd of Pb and Cd was 53.6 ± 64.9 and 8.01 ± 15.5 μg/L respectively. The median (25-75 percentiles) of Pb and Cd was 34.00 (4.00-81.75) and 5.00 (4.00-7.00) μg/L; 6 and 17% of infants were receiving higher than recommended levels of lead and cadmium respectively. Mothers who took fat off their meat before eating and mothers who had a vaginal delivery had higher levels of Cd than others ( value = 0.04, 0.002). Non-primiparous mothers and those who consumed more yogurt had higher levels of Pb (p value = 0.011, 0.025).
Lead and cadmium contamination was considerable among mothers' in Kerman, Iran. There is a need for decreasing the current levels in food, air, water and other consumer products such as cosmetics.
重金属可能具有致癌性，并对人类健康产生严重影响。在本研究中，对伊朗克尔曼地区母乳样本中的铅（Pb）和镉（Cd）水平进行了评估。
从20个母婴护理中心的母亲那里收集了100份母乳样本。收集了每位母亲的人口统计学、饮食和吸烟数据。样本通过石墨炉原子吸收光谱法进行分析。在Minitab15中通过非参数方法、Spearman相关性和卡方检验进行统计分析。
铅和镉的均值±标准差分别为53.6±64.9和8.01±15.5μg/L。铅和镉的中位数（第25 - 75百分位数）分别为34.00（4.00 - 81.75）和5.00（4.00 - 7.00）μg/L；分别有6%和17%的婴儿摄入的铅和镉高于推荐水平。在吃肉前会把脂肪去掉的母亲以及顺产的母亲体内的镉含量高于其他人（p值 = 0.04，0.002）。非初产妇和食用更多酸奶的母亲体内的铅含量更高（p值 = 0.011，0.025）。
在伊朗克尔曼地区的母亲中，铅和镉污染相当严重。有必要降低食品、空气、水和其他消费品（如化妆品）中的当前污染水平。
