Savković Željko, Stupar Miloš, Unković Nikola, Ivanović Žarko, Blagojević Jovana, Vukojević Jelena, Ljaljević Grbić Milica
Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden "Jevremovac", University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, Belgrade, 11 000, Serbia.
The Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Teodora Drajzera 9, Belgrade, 11040, Serbia.
Naturwissenschaften. 2019 Feb 8;106(3-4):8. doi: 10.1007/s00114-019-1603-3.
The study addresses in vitro degradation potential of airborne Aspergillus and Penicillium/Talarmyces species originating from cultural heritage conservation premises. A series of rapid, cost effective biodegradation assays were performed to assess production of extracellular pigments, acids, and enzymes. Most of the isolates have demonstrated positive growth in at least one of the preformed tests. Strongest overall degradation potential was demonstrated for Penicillium brevicompactum, P. glabrum, and Talaromyces sayulitensis while Aspergillus domesticus, A. penicillioides, A. pseudoglaucus, and A. ruber did not exhibit positive reaction in any of the employed assays. Majority of isolates exhibited proteolytic and cellulolytic activity while carbonate dissolution was observed for only five tested fungi. Highest alteration of pH value in liquid media was documented for T. sayulitensis while A. niger and P. expansum exhibited strongest acid production on CREA. Certain isolates, mostly Penicillium species, displayed production of extracellular pigments. The results imply that many of the tested fungi have significant biodegradation capacity, indicating their potential to inflict structural and esthetic alterations on cultural heritage objects.
该研究探讨了源自文化遗产保护场所的空气传播曲霉属和青霉属/帚枝霉属物种的体外降解潜力。进行了一系列快速、经济高效的生物降解试验，以评估细胞外色素、酸和酶的产生。大多数分离株在至少一项预先进行的试验中显示出阳性生长。短密青霉、平滑青霉和萨尤利帚枝霉表现出最强的总体降解潜力，而家曲霉、拟青霉曲霉、假灰绿曲霉和红曲霉在任何一项所用试验中均未表现出阳性反应。大多数分离株表现出蛋白水解和纤维素分解活性，仅5种受试真菌观察到碳酸盐溶解。帚枝霉在液体培养基中记录到最高的pH值变化，而黑曲霉和扩展青霉在CREA上表现出最强的产酸能力。某些分离株，主要是青霉属物种，表现出细胞外色素的产生。结果表明，许多受试真菌具有显著的生物降解能力，表明它们有可能对文化遗产物体造成结构和美学改变。
