Gijsberts Marie-José H E, Liefbroer Anke I, Otten René, Olsman Erik
End-of-Life Care Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel & Ghent University, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussel, Belgium.
Faculty of Religion and Theology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1115, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Med Sci (Basel). 2019 Feb 7;7(2):25. doi: 10.3390/medsci7020025.
Many studies on spiritual care in palliative care are performed in the US, leaving other continents unexplored. The objective of this systematic review is to map the recent studies on spiritual care in palliative care in Europe. PubMed, CINAHL, ATLA, PsycINFO, ERIC, IBSS, Web of Science, EMBASE, and other databases were searched. Included were European studies published in a peer-reviewed journal in 2015, 2016, or 2017. The characteristics of the included studies were analyzed and a narrative synthesis of the extracted data was performed. 53 articles were included. Spiritual care was seen as attention for spirituality, presence, empowerment, and bringing peace. It implied creative, narrative, and ritual work. Though several studies reported positive effects of spiritual care, like the easing of discomfort, the evidence for spiritual care is low. Requirements for implementation of spiritual care in (palliative) care were: Developing spiritual competency, including self-reflection, and visibility of spirituality and spiritual care, which are required from spiritual counselors that they participated in existing organizational structures. This study has provided insight into spiritual care in palliative care in Europe. Future studies are necessary to develop appropriate patient outcomes and to investigate the effects of spiritual care more fully.
许多关于姑息治疗中精神关怀的研究是在美国进行的，其他各大洲尚未涉及。本系统综述的目的是梳理欧洲近期关于姑息治疗中精神关怀的研究。检索了PubMed、CINAHL、ATLA、PsycINFO、ERIC、IBSS、科学网、EMBASE及其他数据库。纳入的是2015年、2016年或2017年发表在同行评审期刊上的欧洲研究。分析了纳入研究的特征，并对提取的数据进行了叙述性综合分析。共纳入53篇文章。精神关怀被视为对精神性、陪伴、赋能以及带来安宁的关注。它意味着创造性、叙事性和仪式性工作。尽管有几项研究报告了精神关怀的积极效果，如缓解不适，但精神关怀的证据不足。在（姑息）治疗中实施精神关怀的要求包括：培养精神能力，包括自我反思，以及精神性和精神关怀的可见性，这要求精神顾问参与现有的组织结构。本研究为欧洲姑息治疗中的精神关怀提供了见解。未来有必要开展研究以制定合适的患者结局，并更全面地调查精神关怀的效果。
