School of Health Science, University of Salford, Manchester, United Kingdom; Andreas Wentzensen Research Institut, BG Unfallklinik Ludwigshafen, Germany.
Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
J Biomech. 2019 Mar 27;86:55-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.01.045. Epub 2019 Feb 5.
A variety of musculoskeletal models are applied in different modelling environments for estimating muscle forces during gait. Influence of different modelling assumptions and approaches on model outputs are still not fully understood, while direct comparisons of standard approaches have been rarely undertaken. This study seeks to compare joint kinematics, joint kinetics and estimated muscle forces of two standard approaches offered in two different modelling environments (AnyBody, OpenSim). It is hypothesised that distinctive differences exist for individual muscles, while summing up synergists show general agreement. Experimental data of 10 healthy participants (28 ± 5 years, 1.72 ± 0.08 m, 69 ± 12 kg) was used for a standard static optimisation muscle force estimation routine in AnyBody and OpenSim while using two gait-specific musculoskeletal models. Statistical parameter mapping paired t-test was used to compare joint angle, moment and muscle force waveforms in Matlab. Results showed differences especially in sagittal ankle and hip angles as well as sagittal knee moments. Differences were also found for some of the muscles, especially of the triceps surae group and the biceps femoris short head, which occur as a result of different anthropometric and anatomical definitions (mass and inertia of segments, muscle properties) and scaling procedures (static vs. dynamic). Understanding these differences and their cause is crucial to operate such modelling environments in a clinical setting. Future research should focus on alternatives to classical generic musculoskeletal models (e.g. implementation of functional calibration tasks), while using experimental data reflecting normal and pathological gait to gain a better understanding of variations and divergent behaviour between approaches.
多种肌肉骨骼模型应用于不同的建模环境中，以估计步态过程中的肌肉力量。不同建模假设和方法对模型输出的影响尚未完全理解，而对标准方法的直接比较则很少进行。本研究旨在比较两种不同建模环境（AnyBody、OpenSim）中提供的两种标准方法的关节运动学、关节动力学和估计的肌肉力量。假设个别肌肉存在明显差异，而协同肌的总和则具有总体一致性。使用两种特定于步态的肌肉骨骼模型，对 10 名健康参与者（28±5 岁，1.72±0.08m，69±12kg）的实验数据进行了标准静态优化肌肉力量估计例程，分别在 AnyBody 和 OpenSim 中进行。使用 Matlab 中的统计参数映射配对 t 检验比较关节角度、力矩和肌肉力量波形。结果显示，尤其是在矢状面踝关节和髋关节角度以及矢状面膝关节力矩方面存在差异。一些肌肉也存在差异，尤其是小腿三头肌和股二头肌短头，这是由于不同的人体测量学和解剖定义（节段的质量和惯性、肌肉特性）和缩放过程（静态与动态）造成的。了解这些差异及其原因对于在临床环境中操作这种建模环境至关重要。未来的研究应侧重于替代经典通用肌肉骨骼模型的方法（例如，实现功能校准任务），同时使用反映正常和病理步态的实验数据，以更好地理解方法之间的差异和发散行为。
