Department of Neuroscience, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2019 Dec 2;9(12):a034397. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034397.
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is highly complicated and heterogenous. Conventional neuromodulatory approaches have revealed numerous essential biological functions of the PNS and provided excellent tools to treat a large variety of human diseases. Yet growing evidence indicated the importance of cell-type-specific neuromodulation in the PNS in not only biological research using animal models but also potential human therapies. Optogenetics is a recently developed neuromodulatory approach combining optics and genetics that can effectively stimulate or silence neuronal activity with high spatial and temporal precision. Here, I review research regarding optogenetic manipulations for cell-type-specific control of the PNS, highlighting the advantages and challenges of current optogenetic tools, and discuss their potential future applications.
周围神经系统（PNS）高度复杂且异质。传统的神经调节方法已经揭示了 PNS 的许多重要生物学功能，并为治疗各种人类疾病提供了极好的工具。然而，越来越多的证据表明，PNS 中的细胞类型特异性神经调节不仅在使用动物模型的生物学研究中很重要，而且在潜在的人类治疗中也很重要。光遗传学是一种最近发展起来的神经调节方法，它结合了光学和遗传学，可以有效地以高精度刺激或沉默神经元活动。在这里，我回顾了关于光遗传学操作的研究，这些操作用于 PNS 的细胞类型特异性控制，重点介绍了当前光遗传学工具的优势和挑战，并讨论了它们的潜在未来应用。
