Ettinger B
West J Med. 1988 Dec;149(6):691-5.
Physicians should advise women reaching menopause about the risk of osteoporosis and what practical steps can be taken to reduce this risk. The average woman at menopause can expect to live to be 80 years old; during these years she will face a 15% risk of hip fracture and a 10% risk of vertebral fracture. These risks are increased in Asians and whites, in women who are short and thin, and in those with poorly developed musculature. General advice regarding the correction of certain unhealthy habits and changes in life-style may enhance skeletal health, but prompt restoration and long-term maintenance of physiologic levels of estrogen remain the only proved effective way of reducing bone loss and the risk of fracture.
医生应向进入更年期的女性告知骨质疏松症的风险以及可以采取哪些实际措施来降低这种风险。处于更年期的普通女性预期寿命可达80岁；在这些年里，她面临着15%的髋部骨折风险和10%的椎体骨折风险。在亚洲人和白人、身材矮小消瘦的女性以及肌肉发育不良的女性中，这些风险会增加。关于纠正某些不健康习惯和改变生活方式的一般建议可能会增强骨骼健康，但迅速恢复并长期维持生理水平的雌激素仍然是减少骨质流失和骨折风险的唯一经证实有效的方法。
