Gica Sakir, Poyraz Burc Cagri, Gulec Huseyin
Department of Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Prof. Dr. Mazhar Osman Mental Health and Neurological Disease Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
Department of Psychiatry, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Indian J Psychiatry. 2019 Jan-Feb;61(1):45-52. doi: 10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_307_18.
Patients with schizophrenia were found to be less successful at emotion recognition tasks (ERTs) than healthy individuals. There is a debate surrounding whether this deficit is permanent or temporary. The current study aims to assess how emotion recognition skills are affected by treatment processes and during the course of the disease and also to determine the relation of this change with clinical assessment scales, other cognitive functions, and quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG).
Twenty-four inpatients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia have been included in the study. Patients were assessed before beginning clozapine and 6 months later. During both assessments, clinical evaluation scales (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and Global Assessment of Functioning), Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) for schizophrenia which is used for assessment of cognitive functions were used. Electroencephalography (EEG) monitorings were performed only once before treatment. In this study, CANTAB ERT was used for emotion recognition.
There was no statistically significant change in the emotion recognition when the first and final ERTs were compared. There was a moderately positive relationship between emotional recognition and functioning ( = 0.65, < 0.05). Cognitive functions such as visual memory, attention, flexible thinking, and planning were found to be in correlation with emotion recognition. Furthermore, slow waves such as delta and theta activities obtained from frontal, temporoparietal, and occipital regions were associated with emotion recognition.
The current study supports that emotion recognition deficits are long-term stable features of schizophrenia, slow-wave electrical activity in the frontal, temporoparietal, and occipital areas in QEEG, and cognitive functions such as visual memory, attention, flexible thinking, and planning are found to be correlated with emotion recognition.
研究发现，精神分裂症患者在情绪识别任务（ERTs）中的表现不如健康个体。围绕这种缺陷是永久性还是暂时性存在争议。当前研究旨在评估情绪识别技能在治疗过程和疾病进程中如何受到影响，并确定这种变化与临床评估量表、其他认知功能以及定量脑电图（QEEG）之间的关系。
本研究纳入了24例难治性精神分裂症住院患者。在开始使用氯氮平之前和6个月后对患者进行评估。在两次评估期间，使用了临床评估量表（阳性和阴性症状量表以及功能总体评定量表）以及用于评估认知功能的精神分裂症剑桥神经心理测试自动成套系统（CANTAB）。仅在治疗前进行一次脑电图（EEG）监测。在本研究中，使用CANTAB ERT进行情绪识别。
比较首次和最终ERTs时，情绪识别方面无统计学显著变化。情绪识别与功能之间存在中度正相关（= 0.65，< 0.05）。发现视觉记忆、注意力、灵活思维和计划等认知功能与情绪识别相关。此外，从额叶、颞顶叶和枕叶区域获得的δ波和θ波等慢波与情绪识别相关。
当前研究支持情绪识别缺陷是精神分裂症的长期稳定特征，QEEG中额叶、颞顶叶和枕叶区域的慢波电活动以及视觉记忆、注意力、灵活思维和计划等认知功能与情绪识别相关。
