一项针对学校午餐的低成本行为推动和选择架构干预措施增加了儿童对水果的消费：一项集群随机试验。
A low-cost Behavioural Nudge and choice architecture intervention targeting school lunches increases children's consumption of fruit: a cluster randomised trial.
机构信息
The Centre for Activity and Eating Research, Bangor University, School of Psychology, Brigantia, Penrallt Road, Bangor (Gwynedd), Wales, LL57 2AS, UK.
出版信息
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2019 Feb 13;16(1):20. doi: 10.1186/s12966-019-0773-x.
BACKGROUND
Research has consistently indicated that most children do not consume sufficient fruit and vegetables to provide them with a healthy, balanced diet. This study set out to trial a simple, low-cost behavioural nudge intervention to encourage children to select and consume more fruit and vegetables with their lunchtime meal in a primary school cafeteria.
METHODS
Four primary schools were randomly allocated to either the control or the intervention condition and baseline data were collected over two days in each school. Following this, changes were made to the choice architecture of the school cafeterias in the intervention schools and maintained over a three-week period. The intervention included improved positioning and serving of fruit, accompanied by attractive labelling of both fruit and vegetables on offer. Next, data were collected over two days in each school, with menus matched in each instance between baseline and follow-up. We employed a validated and sensitive photographic method to estimate individual children's (N = 176) consumption of vegetables, fruit, vitamin C, fibre, total sugars, and their overall calorie intake.
RESULTS
Significant increases were recorded in the intervention schools for children's consumption of fruit, vitamin C, and fibre. No significant changes were observed in the control condition. The increases in fruit consumption were recorded in a large proportion of individual children, irrespective of their baseline consumption levels. No changes in vegetable consumption were observed in either condition.
CONCLUSIONS
These results are the first to show that modest improvements to the choice architecture of school catering, and inclusion of behavioural nudges, can significantly increase fruit consumption, rather than just selection, in primary-age children. This has implications for the development of national and international strategies to promote healthy eating in schools.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
AsPredicted: 3943 05/02/2017. URL: https://aspredicted.org/see_one.php?a_id=3943.
背景
研究一直表明，大多数儿童摄入的水果和蔬菜不足以提供健康均衡的饮食。本研究旨在试验一种简单、低成本的行为推动干预措施，以鼓励儿童在小学自助餐厅午餐时选择和食用更多的水果和蔬菜。
方法
将四所小学随机分配到对照组或干预组，并在每所学校连续两天收集基线数据。在此之后，干预学校的自助餐厅选择结构发生了变化，并在三周内保持不变。干预措施包括改善水果的摆放位置和供应方式，并对提供的水果和蔬菜进行有吸引力的标签标注。接下来，在每所学校连续两天收集数据，在每个实例中，将菜单与基线和随访进行匹配。我们采用了一种经过验证和敏感的摄影方法来估计个体儿童（N=176）的蔬菜、水果、维生素 C、纤维、总糖和总卡路里摄入量。
结果
干预组儿童的水果、维生素 C 和纤维摄入量均显著增加。对照组没有观察到显著变化。在很大比例的个体儿童中，水果摄入量都有所增加，而不论其基线摄入量水平如何。在两种情况下，蔬菜摄入量都没有变化。
结论
这些结果首次表明，对学校餐饮选择结构进行适度改进，并纳入行为推动措施，可以显著增加小学生的水果摄入量，而不仅仅是选择量。这对制定国家和国际战略以促进学校健康饮食具有重要意义。
试验注册
AsPredicted：394305/02/2017。网址：https://aspredicted.org/see_one.php？a_id=3943。
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