NRC Metrology, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A0R6, Canada.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2019 Jul;411(19):4277-4292. doi: 10.1007/s00216-019-01620-9. Epub 2019 Feb 14.
The need to assess the human and environmental risks of nanoparticles (NPs) has prompted an adaptation of existing techniques and the development of new ones. Nanoparticle analysis poses a great challenge as the analytical information has to consider both physical (e.g. size and shape) and chemical (e.g. elemental composition) state of the analyte. Furthermore, one has to contemplate the transformation of NPs during the sample preparation and provide sufficient information about the new species derived from such alteration. Traditional techniques commonly used for NP analysis such as microscopy and light scattering are still frequently used for NPs in simple matrices; however, they have limitations in the analysis of complex environmental and biological samples. On the other hand, recent improvements in data acquisition frequencies and reduction of settling time of ICP-MS brought inorganic mass spectrometry into the forefront of NPs analysis. However, with the increasing demand of analytical information related to NPs, emerging techniques such as enhanced darkfield hyperspectral imaging, nano-SIMS and mass cytometry are in their way to fill the gaps. This trend review presents and discusses the state-of-the-art analytical techniques and sample preparation methods for NP analysis in biological matrices. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
需要评估纳米粒子（NPs）对人类和环境的风险，这促使人们对现有技术进行了改进并开发了新的技术。纳米粒子分析带来了巨大的挑战，因为分析信息必须同时考虑分析物的物理状态（例如大小和形状）和化学状态（例如元素组成）。此外，人们必须考虑到样品制备过程中 NPs 的转化，并提供有关此类变化产生的新物质的充分信息。传统的常用于 NP 分析的技术，如显微镜和光散射，仍然常用于简单基质中的 NPs；然而，它们在分析复杂的环境和生物样品方面存在局限性。另一方面，近年来 ICP-MS 的数据采集频率提高和沉降时间的缩短将无机质谱分析技术推到了 NPs 分析的前沿。然而，随着对与 NPs 相关的分析信息的需求不断增加，增强暗场高光谱成像、纳米二次离子质谱和质量细胞术等新兴技术正在填补这一空白。本文综述了用于生物基质中 NP 分析的最新分析技术和样品制备方法。
