University of Calgary Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
J Leukoc Biol. 2019 Aug;106(2):323-335. doi: 10.1002/JLB.4RI1218-503R. Epub 2019 Feb 18.
It has long been appreciated that understanding the interactions between the host and the pathogens that make us sick is critical for the prevention and treatment of disease. As antibiotics become increasingly ineffective, targeting the host and specific bacterial evasion mechanisms are becoming novel therapeutic approaches. The technology used to understand host-pathogen interactions has dramatically advanced over the last century. We have moved away from using simple in vitro assays focused on single-cell events to technologies that allow us to observe complex multicellular interactions in real time in live animals. Specifically, intravital microscopy (IVM) has improved our understanding of infection, from viral to bacterial to parasitic, and how the host immune system responds to these infections. Yet, at the same time it has allowed us to appreciate just how complex these interactions are and that current experimental models still have a number of limitations. In this review, we will discuss the advances in vivo IVM has brought to the study of host-pathogen interactions, focusing primarily on bacterial infections and innate immunity.
长期以来，人们一直认识到，了解宿主与使我们生病的病原体之间的相互作用对于疾病的预防和治疗至关重要。随着抗生素的效果越来越差，针对宿主和特定细菌逃避机制的治疗方法正在成为新的治疗方法。过去一个世纪，用于了解宿主-病原体相互作用的技术已经取得了巨大的进步。我们已经从使用专注于单细胞事件的简单体外测定法转向了允许我们实时观察活体动物中复杂的多细胞相互作用的技术。具体来说，活体显微镜（IVM）提高了我们对感染的理解，从病毒到细菌到寄生虫，以及宿主免疫系统如何对这些感染作出反应。然而，与此同时，它也让我们意识到这些相互作用是多么复杂，以及当前的实验模型仍然存在许多限制。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论体内 IVM 在研究宿主-病原体相互作用方面带来的进展，主要集中在细菌感染和先天免疫上。
