Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN;
Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.
J Immunol. 2022 Feb 15;208(4):785-792. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101058.
Unlike the adaptive immune system, the innate immune system has classically been characterized as being devoid of memory functions. However, recent research shows that innate myeloid and lymphoid cells have the ability to retain memory of prior pathogen exposure and become primed to elicit a robust, broad-spectrum response to subsequent infection. This phenomenon has been termed innate immune memory or trained immunity. Innate immune memory is induced via activation of pattern recognition receptors and the actions of cytokines on hematopoietic progenitors and stem cells in bone marrow and innate leukocytes in the periphery. The trained phenotype is induced and sustained via epigenetic modifications that reprogram transcriptional patterns and metabolism. These modifications augment antimicrobial functions, such as leukocyte expansion, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and microbial killing, to facilitate an augmented host response to infection. Alternatively, innate immune memory may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic diseases, such as atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease.
与适应性免疫系统不同，先天性免疫系统经典地被描述为缺乏记忆功能。然而，最近的研究表明，先天髓样和淋巴样细胞具有保留先前病原体暴露记忆的能力，并能够对随后的感染产生强大的广谱反应。这种现象被称为先天免疫记忆或训练免疫。先天免疫记忆是通过模式识别受体的激活以及细胞因子对骨髓造血祖细胞和干细胞以及外周先天白细胞的作用诱导的。通过表观遗传修饰诱导和维持训练表型，这些修饰重编程转录模式和代谢。这些修饰增强了抗菌功能，如白细胞扩增、趋化性、吞噬作用和微生物杀伤，以促进宿主对感染的增强反应。或者，先天免疫记忆可能导致慢性疾病的发病机制，如动脉粥样硬化和阿尔茨海默病。
