Florida Atlantic University, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.
Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), AUT University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2019 Oct;44(10):1033-1042. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0004. Epub 2019 Feb 19.
This study examined the time course of recovery following resistance exercise sessions in the back squat, bench press, and deadlift. Twelve well-trained males (age: 24.5 ± 3.8 years, body mass: 84.01 ± 15.44 kg, training age: 7.1 ± 4.2 years) performed 4 sets to failure at 80% of a 1-repetition maximum (1RM) on the squat, bench press, and deadlift in successive weeks. The bench press was always performed in week 2 with the squat and deadlift order counterbalanced between weeks 1 and 3. Indirect muscle damage and performance fatigue was assessed immediately before and after exercise and at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h postexercise. Outcome measures included limb swelling, joint range of motion, delayed onset muscle soreness, average concentric velocity (ACV) at 70% of 1RM, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and cell-free DNA (cfDNA). Most measures demonstrated a main time effect ( < 0.05) within conditions; however, no between condition ( > 0.05) differences existed. ACV decreased in the squat condition for up to 72 h ( = 0.02, -8.61%) and in the bench press ( < 0.01, -26.69%) immediately postexercise but did not decline during the deadlift condition ( > 0.05). There was a main time effect for increased cfDNA in the squat ( < 0.01) and bench press ( < 0.05), but not the deadlift ( = 0.153). Further, immediately postexercise increases in cfDNA were directly related ( < 0.05) to changes in ACV in all 3 conditions. These results suggest that the deadlift does not result in greater muscle damage and recovery time than the squat and bench press following volume-type training in well-trained men. Further, acute changes in cfDNA may predict performance during the recovery period.
这项研究考察了抗阻训练后深蹲、卧推和硬拉恢复时间进程。12 名训练有素的男性（年龄：24.5 ± 3.8 岁，体重：84.01 ± 15.44kg，训练年限：7.1 ± 4.2 年）在连续几周内以 80%的 1 次重复最大重量（1RM）完成 4 组至力竭。卧推总是在第 2 周进行，而深蹲和硬拉的顺序在第 1 周和第 3 周之间平衡。运动前后及运动后 24 小时、48 小时、72 小时和 96 小时评估间接肌肉损伤和运动疲劳。测量指标包括肢体肿胀、关节活动范围、迟发性肌肉酸痛、70%1RM 的平均向心速度（ACV）、肌酸激酶、乳酸脱氢酶和无细胞游离 DNA（cfDNA）。大多数指标在各条件内均表现出主要的时间效应（<0.05）；然而，各条件之间不存在差异（>0.05）。深蹲条件下的 ACV 在 72 小时内下降（=0.02，-8.61%），卧推条件下立即下降（<0.01，-26.69%），但硬拉条件下没有下降（>0.05）。在深蹲（<0.01）和卧推（<0.05）中，cfDNA 增加存在主要的时间效应，但在硬拉中不存在（=0.153）。此外，所有 3 种条件下，cfDNA 的即刻增加与 ACV 的变化直接相关（<0.05）。这些结果表明，在经过体积训练后，与深蹲和卧推相比，硬拉不会导致更大的肌肉损伤和恢复时间。此外，cfDNA 的急性变化可能预测恢复期间的表现。
