Calvo-Garrido Carlos, Roudet Jean, Aveline Nicolas, Davidou Ludivine, Dupin Sévérine, Fermaud Marc
SAVE, INRA, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Bordeaux Science Agro, ISVV 33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin-Vinopôle Bordeaux-Aquitaine, Blanquefort, France.
Front Plant Sci. 2019 Feb 11;10:105. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00105. eCollection 2019.
bunch rot (BBR), caused by the necrotrophic fungus , is a major disease of wine and table grapes worldwide. Due to negative effects of pesticides on the environment and human health, alternative control strategies against BBR, such as biological control agents (BCAs), are required to produce high-quality grapes and wines with high standards of food safety. However, few biological control products against BBR are available, and their efficacy is sometimes variable. This study aimed to evaluate and compare (1) the efficacy of new bacterial BCA strains developed at INRA Bordeaux and (2) the BBR reductions achieved by commercial biocontrol products that are already registered or close to being registered. During three consecutive seasons, 10 field experiments were established in six different experimental vineyards in southwestern France. Spray applications were performed at key phenological stages (five or six during the season), or at high BBR-risk periods late in the season according to a Disease Risk Index model. At harvest, BBR incidence and severity (% of symptomatic berries per bunch) were visually determined. The experiments included four bacterial strains at an early experimental stage, particularly (S38). Nine commercial BCA products were also tested, including , and . Among the four experimental bacterial strains, only S38 significantly controlled the BBR, presenting reductions in the average severity ranging from 35 to 60%, compared to untreated control, throughout the three seasons. Several commercial BCAs achieved significant reductions in BBR severity ranging from 21 to 58%, although not in every trial. The treatments that achieved higher reductions in severity rates were based on (45%), (54%), and (58%). The efficacy of those BCAs was consistent throughout the studied seasons. The results confirmed the suitability of several biological control products under the conditions in vineyards in southwestern France, while also highlighting the good performance of the novel experimental BCA S38 strain, which achieved similar control rates to the products registered for commercial use. The major factors involved in the variability in the results are also discussed.
由坏死性真菌引起的串腐病（BBR）是全球酿酒葡萄和鲜食葡萄的一种主要病害。由于农药对环境和人类健康有负面影响，因此需要采用替代控制策略来防治BBR，例如生物防治剂（BCA），以生产出具有高标准食品安全的优质葡萄和葡萄酒。然而，针对BBR的生物防治产品很少，其效果有时也不稳定。本研究旨在评估和比较：（1）法国国家农业研究院波尔多分院新开发的细菌BCA菌株的防治效果；（2）已注册或即将注册的商业生物防治产品对BBR的防治效果。在连续三个季节中，在法国西南部的六个不同试验葡萄园进行了10次田间试验。根据病害风险指数模型，在关键物候期（一季中5或6个时期）或在季节后期BBR风险较高的时期进行喷雾处理。收获时，通过目测确定BBR的发病率和严重程度（每串有症状浆果的百分比）。试验包括4种处于早期试验阶段的细菌菌株，特别是（S38）。还测试了9种商业BCA产品，包括和。在4种试验细菌菌株中，只有S38能显著防治BBR，与未处理对照相比，在整个三个季节中，平均严重程度降低了35%至60%。几种商业BCA在降低BBR严重程度方面取得了显著效果，降低幅度在21%至58%之间，尽管并非在每次试验中都如此。严重程度降低率较高的处理方法分别基于（45%）、（54%）和（58%）。在整个研究季节中，这些BCA的效果是一致的。结果证实了几种生物防治产品在法国西南部葡萄园条件下的适用性，同时也突出了新型试验性BCA S38菌株的良好性能，其防治率与已注册用于商业用途的产品相似。还讨论了结果变异性的主要影响因素。
