Lecouvey Grégory, Morand Alexandrine, Gonneaud Julie, Piolino Pascale, Orriols Eric, Pélerin Alice, Ferreira Da Silva Laurence, de La Sayette Vincent, Eustache Francis, Desgranges Béatrice
Normandie Université, UNICAEN, PSL Universités Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, Caen, France.
Laboratoire Mémoire et Cognition, Institut de Psychologie and Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, INSERM S894, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
Front Psychol. 2019 Feb 12;10:241. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00241. eCollection 2019.
Research suggests that prospective memory (PM) is impaired from the very early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We sought to further characterize this impairment in patients with mild AD, using a virtual reality (VR) task to provide ecological assessment of PM. Fifteen cognitively normal older individuals (76.47 years old ± 4.14, MMSE: 28.80 ± 1.21), and 17 patients with mild AD (79.29 years old ± 4.45, MMSE: 22.82 ± 2.83) were asked to recall the prospective and retrospective components of seven intentions in a virtual town task. Six intentions were event-based, where the prospective cue was either highly (three intentions) or weakly (three intentions) associated with the retrospective component. The remaining intention was time-based. All participants completed a neuropsychological assessment of episodic memory, semantic memory and executive functioning. Non-parametric tests were used to compare the two groups on the different intentions types and components. Correlations between cognition and PM scores were then realized to further understand the cognitive correlates of the PM impairment in patients with AD. Overall, patients with Alzheimer disease recalled fewer intentions than controls, with the retrospective component and intentions being the most challenging for them. The strength of the association between the prospective and retrospective components, however, had no effect on their performance. Event-based PM impairment, as well as deficit in the recall of prospective component correlated with memory and executive functions performance. PM is impaired in AD. Both automatic and controlled processes of PM retrieval are disturbed. This study also confirms the reliability of VR for assessing complex cognitive functions such as PM.
研究表明，阿尔茨海默病（AD）的极早期阶段前瞻性记忆（PM）就会受损。我们试图使用虚拟现实（VR）任务对轻度AD患者的这种损害进行进一步特征分析，以对PM进行生态评估。15名认知正常的老年人（76.47岁±4.14，简易精神状态检查表（MMSE）：28.80±1.21）和17名轻度AD患者（79.29岁±4.45，MMSE：22.82±2.83）被要求在一个虚拟城镇任务中回忆七个意图的前瞻性和回顾性部分。六个意图是基于事件的，其中前瞻性线索与回顾性部分的关联要么很强（三个意图），要么很弱（三个意图）。其余意图是基于时间的。所有参与者都完成了情景记忆、语义记忆和执行功能的神经心理学评估。使用非参数检验比较两组在不同意图类型和部分上的差异。然后分析认知与PM分数之间的相关性，以进一步了解AD患者PM损害的认知相关性。总体而言，阿尔茨海默病患者回忆起的意图比对照组少，回顾性部分和意图对他们来说最具挑战性。然而，前瞻性和回顾性部分之间关联的强度对他们的表现没有影响。基于事件的PM损害以及前瞻性部分回忆缺陷与记忆和执行功能表现相关。AD患者的PM受损。PM检索的自动和控制过程均受到干扰。本研究还证实了VR在评估诸如PM等复杂认知功能方面的可靠性。
