ILSI North America, Washington, DC, USA.
Kellan, Washington, DC, USA.
Sci Eng Ethics. 2019 Apr;25(2):327-355. doi: 10.1007/s11948-019-00094-3. Epub 2019 Feb 27.
A Scientific Integrity Consortium developed a set of recommended principles and best practices that can be used broadly across scientific disciplines as a mechanism for consensus on scientific integrity standards and to better equip scientists to operate in a rapidly changing research environment. The two principles that represent the umbrella under which scientific processes should operate are as follows: (1) Foster a culture of integrity in the scientific process. (2) Evidence-based policy interests may have legitimate roles to play in influencing aspects of the research process, but those roles should not interfere with scientific integrity. The nine best practices for instilling scientific integrity in the implementation of these two overarching principles are (1) Require universal training in robust scientific methods, in the use of appropriate experimental design and statistics, and in responsible research practices for scientists at all levels, with the training content regularly updated and presented by qualified scientists. (2) Strengthen scientific integrity oversight and processes throughout the research continuum with a focus on training in ethics and conduct. (3) Encourage reproducibility of research through transparency. (4) Strive to establish open science as the standard operating procedure throughout the scientific enterprise. (5) Develop and implement educational tools to teach communication skills that uphold scientific integrity. (6) Strive to identify ways to further strengthen the peer review process. (7) Encourage scientific journals to publish unanticipated findings that meet standards of quality and scientific integrity. (8) Seek harmonization and implementation among journals of rapid, consistent, and transparent processes for correction and/or retraction of published papers. (9) Design rigorous and comprehensive evaluation criteria that recognize and reward the highest standards of integrity in scientific research.
科学诚信联盟制定了一套建议性原则和最佳实践，这些原则和实践可广泛应用于各个科学学科，作为就科学诚信标准达成共识的机制，并更好地使科学家能够在快速变化的研究环境中开展工作。代表科学过程应遵循的原则如下：（1）在科学过程中培养诚信文化。（2）循证政策利益可能在影响研究过程的某些方面发挥合法作用，但这些作用不应干扰科学诚信。为了在实施这两个总体原则时灌输科学诚信，有九条最佳实践，分别是：（1）要求各级科学家普遍接受稳健科学方法、适当实验设计和统计学以及负责任研究实践的培训，培训内容定期更新，并由合格科学家授课。（2）通过加强对道德和行为的培训，强化整个研究过程中的科学诚信监督和流程。（3）通过透明度鼓励研究的可重复性。（4）努力使开放科学成为整个科学事业的标准操作规程。（5）制定和实施教育工具，教授维护科学诚信的沟通技巧。（6）努力寻找进一步加强同行评审过程的方法。（7）鼓励科学期刊发表符合质量和科学诚信标准的意外发现。（8）寻求期刊之间的协调和实施，以实现对已发表论文的更正和/或撤回的快速、一致和透明的流程。（9）设计严格和全面的评估标准，认可和奖励科学研究中最高的诚信标准。
