Department of Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada.
Viruses. 2019 Feb 23;11(2):192. doi: 10.3390/v11020192.
Bats harbor a myriad of viruses and some of these viruses may have spilled over to other species including humans. Spillover events are rare and several factors must align to create the "perfect storm" that would ultimately lead to a spillover. One of these factors is the increased shedding of virus by bats. Several studies have indicated that bats have unique defense mechanisms that allow them to be persistently or latently infected with viruses. Factors leading to an increase in the viral load of persistently infected bats would facilitate shedding of virus. This article reviews the unique nature of bat immune defenses that regulate virus replication and the various molecular mechanisms that play a role in altering the balanced bat⁻virus relationship.
蝙蝠携带了大量的病毒，其中一些病毒可能已经溢出到包括人类在内的其他物种。溢出事件很少见，必须有几个因素同时作用才能产生最终导致溢出的“完美风暴”。其中一个因素是蝙蝠病毒的大量脱落。几项研究表明，蝙蝠具有独特的防御机制，使它们能够持续或潜伏感染病毒。导致持续感染蝙蝠病毒载量增加的因素将促进病毒的脱落。本文综述了调节病毒复制的蝙蝠免疫防御的独特性质，以及在改变蝙蝠与病毒的平衡关系中起作用的各种分子机制。
