Powell Heidi Sara, Greenberg Deborah Lynn
General Internal Medicine Center, University of Washington, 4245 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
Prev Med Rep. 2019 Feb 8;14:100816. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.01.020. eCollection 2019 Jun.
The US spends more money than any other country in the world on health care but does not have the best health outcomes. Most healthcare dollars are spent on treatment of preventable chronic conditions including heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. Many recent studies have shown that a poor diet and low cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with significant morbidity and an increased risk of all-cause mortality. There is evidence that those with higher cardiorespiratory fitness have lower annual healthcare costs. Despite continued research on the essential role of diet and exercise in optimal health, these vital health behaviors have been slow to change in the US population and do not receive adequate attention. We propose more objective screening, visible and monitored in the Electronic Health Record, to improve awareness, help educate patients, and monitor their progress over time. It would also help identify those individuals that would benefit from referral to interventional behavioral resources in the clinic and community. With an increased focus on preventive and population health measures, now is an ideal time to include both exercise and diet in health metrics. A few relatively simple changes could prompt providers to assess and educate patients about nutrition and fitness and promote a healthier population.
美国在医疗保健方面的支出比世界上任何其他国家都多，但却没有最好的健康结果。大多数医疗保健资金都花在了可预防的慢性病治疗上，包括心脏病、高血压、糖尿病、高血压和肥胖症。最近的许多研究表明，不良饮食和低心肺适能与显著的发病率以及全因死亡率增加风险相关。有证据表明，心肺适能较高的人每年的医疗保健成本较低。尽管一直在研究饮食和运动在最佳健康状态中的重要作用，但在美国人群中，这些至关重要的健康行为改变缓慢，且未得到充分关注。我们建议在电子健康记录中进行更客观的筛查，使其可见并受到监测，以提高认识、帮助教育患者并长期监测他们的进展。这也将有助于识别那些将从转诊至诊所和社区的干预性行为资源中受益的个体。随着对预防和人群健康措施的关注度不断提高，现在是将运动和饮食纳入健康指标的理想时机。一些相对简单的改变可以促使医疗服务提供者评估并教育患者有关营养和健身的知识，并促进人群更健康。
