Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland.
School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Feb 28;18(5):2362. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18052362.
Lack of tools to evaluate the quality of diet impedes dietary counselling in healthcare. We constructed a scoring for a validated food intake questionnaire, to measure the adherence to a healthy diet that prevents type 2 diabetes (T2D). The Healthy Diet Index (HDI) consists of seven weighted domains (meal pattern, grains, fruit and vegetables, fats, fish and meat, dairy, snacks and treats). We studied the correlations of the HDI with nutrient intakes calculated from 7-day food records among 52 men and 25 women, and associations of HDI with biomarkers and anthropometrics among 645 men and 2455 women. The HDI correlated inversely with total fat (Pearson's = -0.37), saturated fat ( = -0.37), monounsaturated fat ( = -0.37), and the glycaemic index of diet ( = -0.32) and positively with carbohydrates ( = 0.23), protein ( = 0.25), fibre ( = 0.66), magnesium ( = 0.26), iron ( = 0.25), and vitamin D ( = 0.27), ( < 0.05 for all). In the linear regression model adjusted for BMI and age, HDI is associated inversely with waist circumference, concentrations of fasting and 2-h glucose and triglycerides in men and women, total and LDL cholesterol in women, and fasting insulin in men ( < 0.05 for all). The HDI proved to be a valid tool to measure adherence to a health-promoting diet and to support individualised dietary counselling.
缺乏评估饮食质量的工具会阻碍医疗保健中的饮食咨询。我们构建了一个经过验证的食物摄入量问卷的评分，以衡量预防 2 型糖尿病 (T2D) 的健康饮食依从性。健康饮食指数 (HDI) 由七个加权领域组成（膳食模式、谷物、水果和蔬菜、脂肪、鱼类和肉类、乳制品、零食和甜点）。我们研究了 HDI 与 7 天食物记录中计算的营养素摄入量之间的相关性，这些数据来自 52 名男性和 25 名女性，以及 HDI 与 645 名男性和 2455 名女性的生物标志物和人体测量学指标之间的相关性。HDI 与总脂肪（Pearson's = -0.37）、饱和脂肪（ = -0.37）、单不饱和脂肪（ = -0.37）和饮食血糖指数（ = -0.32）呈负相关，与碳水化合物（ = 0.23）、蛋白质（ = 0.25）、膳食纤维（ = 0.66）、镁（ = 0.26）、铁（ = 0.25）和维生素 D（ = 0.27）呈正相关（<0.05 所有）。在调整 BMI 和年龄的线性回归模型中，HDI 与男性和女性的腰围、空腹和 2 小时血糖和甘油三酯浓度、女性的总胆固醇和 LDL 胆固醇以及男性的空腹胰岛素呈负相关（<0.05 所有）。HDI 被证明是衡量健康饮食依从性和支持个体化饮食咨询的有效工具。
