Dorko Erik, Hockicko Ján, Rimárová Kvetoslava, Bušová Andrea, Popaďák Peter, Popaďáková Jana, Schréter Ivan
Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic.
Department of Infectology and Travel Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice and Louis Pasteur University Hospital, Kosice, Slovak Republic.
Cent Eur J Public Health. 2018 Dec;26 Suppl:S47-S50. doi: 10.21101/cejph.a5272.
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is most commonly transmitted to humans via the bite of an infected tick. Alimentary infection through the consumption of TBEV-contaminated dairy products is also well-documented and is responsible for some diseases in endemic areas. The aim of the study was to emphasize the risk of contracting tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) by consuming raw milk and dairy products and to describe TBE epidemics in Slovakia for the period 2012-2016.
The data on epidemics were obtained from the Annual Reports for the period 2012-2016 available on the website of the Public Health Authority of the Slovak Republic. Medical records of patients hospitalized during epidemics were provided by the Department of Infectology and Travel Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, and the Louis Pasteur University Hospital in Košice.
During the period 2012-2016, 13 smaller or larger TBE epidemic outbreaks were recorded in the Slovak Republic. The two outbreaks of TBE reported in 2012 were associated with the consumption of raw goat's milk and dairy products. The first case was an outbreak involving 12 infected people in the Lučenec District. The second case was a family outbreak in the Žilina District, where 3 persons out of 4 family members were infected. In 2013, one epidemic was reported involving 5 persons following the consumption of sheep's cheese from a farm in the Prešov District. One outbreak with 11 cases was reported in 2014. The investigation confirmed its association with the consumption of sheep's cheese in a restaurant located in the Ružomberok District. In 2015, 4 epidemics were described related to the consumption of goat's/sheep's milk and cheese (Žilina District, Krupina District, Kysucké Nové Mesto District, Trenčín District). In 2016, there were 5 TBE epidemics related to the consumption of milk and dairy products. The largest TBE epidemic outbreak in the last 5 years occurred in the Košice District. In this outbreak approximately 500 people were exposed, and 44 contracted the disease. Infected persons confirmed consumption of sheep's cheese from a farm.
Consumption of milk and dairy products made only from pasteurized milk, as well as the immunization of humans and animals are the most effective preventive measures against TBE.
蜱传脑炎病毒（TBEV）最常见的传播途径是通过受感染蜱虫的叮咬传染给人类。食用受TBEV污染的乳制品导致的消化道感染也有充分记录，并且在流行地区引发了一些疾病。本研究的目的是强调食用生牛奶和乳制品感染蜱传脑炎（TBE）的风险，并描述2012 - 2016年斯洛伐克的TBE疫情。
疫情数据来自斯洛伐克共和国公共卫生当局网站上2012 - 2016年的年度报告。科希策的帕沃尔·约瑟夫·沙法里克大学医学院传染病与旅行医学系以及科希策的路易斯·巴斯德大学医院提供了疫情期间住院患者的病历。
2012 - 2016年期间，斯洛伐克共和国记录了13次规模或大或小的TBE疫情爆发。2012年报告的两起TBE疫情爆发与食用生山羊奶和乳制品有关。第一起疫情发生在卢切内茨区，涉及12名感染者。第二起疫情是日利纳区的一次家庭感染事件，该家庭4名成员中有3人被感染。2013年，报告了一起疫情，有5人在食用了普雷绍夫区一个农场的羊奶酪后感染。2014年报告了一起有11例病例的疫情。调查证实这起疫情与鲁佐姆贝罗克区一家餐馆的羊奶酪消费有关。2015年，描述了4起与食用山羊奶/羊奶和奶酪有关的疫情（日利纳区、克鲁皮纳区、基苏采新梅斯托区、特尔纳瓦区）。2016年，有5起与食用牛奶和乳制品有关的TBE疫情。过去5年中最大规模的TBE疫情爆发发生在科希策区。在这次疫情中，约500人接触到感染源，44人患病。感染者确认食用了一个农场的羊奶酪。
仅食用由巴氏杀菌牛奶制成的牛奶和乳制品，以及对人和动物进行免疫接种是预防TBE最有效的措施。
