Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA. 2019 Jul;10(4):e1530. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1530. Epub 2019 Mar 6.
Noncoding RNA plays an important role in all aspects of the cellular life cycle, from the very basic process of protein synthesis to specialized roles in cell development and differentiation. However, many noncoding RNAs remain uncharacterized and the function of most of them remains unknown. Mid-size noncoding RNAs (mncRNAs), which range in length from 50 to 400 nucleotides, have diverse regulatory functions but share many fundamental characteristics. Most mncRNAs are produced from independent promoters although others are produced from the introns of other genes. Many are found in multiple copies in genomes. mncRNAs are highly structured and carry many posttranscriptional modifications. Both of these facets dictate their RNA-binding protein partners and ultimately their function. mncRNAs have already been implicated in translation, catalysis, as guides for RNA modification, as spliceosome components and regulatory RNA. However, recent studies are adding new mncRNA functions including regulation of gene expression and alternative splicing. In this review, we describe the different classes, characteristics and emerging functions of mncRNAs and their relative expression patterns. Finally, we provide a portrait of the challenges facing their detection and annotation in databases. This article is categorized under: Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs RNA Structure and Dynamics > RNA Structure, Dynamics, and Chemistry RNA Structure and Dynamics > Influence of RNA Structure in Biological Systems RNA Evolution and Genomics > RNA and Ribonucleoprotein Evolution.
非编码 RNA 在细胞生命周期的各个方面都发挥着重要作用，从蛋白质合成的基本过程到细胞发育和分化的专门作用。然而，许多非编码 RNA 仍然没有被描述，它们的大多数功能仍然未知。中大小非编码 RNA（mncRNA），长度在 50 到 400 个核苷酸之间，具有多样化的调节功能，但具有许多基本特征。大多数 mncRNA 是由独立的启动子产生的，尽管其他 mncRNA 是由其他基因的内含子产生的。许多 mncRNA 在基因组中以多个拷贝存在。mncRNA 高度结构化，并携带许多转录后修饰。这两个方面决定了它们的 RNA 结合蛋白伴侣，并最终决定了它们的功能。mncRNA 已经被牵涉到翻译、催化、作为 RNA 修饰的向导、作为剪接体成分和调节 RNA。然而，最近的研究增加了 mncRNA 的新功能，包括调节基因表达和可变剪接。在这篇综述中，我们描述了 mncRNA 的不同类别、特征和新兴功能及其相对表达模式。最后，我们提供了一幅在数据库中检测和注释它们所面临的挑战的画面。本文属于以下类别：调控 RNA/RNAi/核糖开关 > 调控 RNA RNA 结构和动态 > RNA 结构、动态和化学 RNA 结构和动态 > RNA 结构对生物系统的影响 RNA 进化和基因组学 > RNA 和核糖核蛋白进化。
