Department of Psychology, University of Denver, 2155 Race St, Denver, CO, 80208, USA.
Pacific Anxiety Group, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2019 Aug;47(8):1401-1408. doi: 10.1007/s10802-019-00526-5.
Research with community samples suggests that non-affective features of families, such as the amount of time parents and adolescents spend together, affect depressive symptoms in adolescents. It is possible, however, that spending time with parents not only protects against the onset of depressive symptoms, but also reduces symptoms in adolescents who are already depressed. The current study was designed to test this formulation while also examining whether affective dimensions of family functioning - specifically parental warmth - accounted for or moderated observed associations. Finally, we tested the reverse direction of the associations, examining whether greater severity of depression in adolescents results in parents spending less time with them. Forty-one adolescents (ages 14 to 17 years) who met criteria for a current major depressive episode participated in the present study with one parent. Once each month for six time points, dyads completed reports of depressive symptoms and the amount of time parents and adolescents spent with each other. Participants also completed measures of parental warmth. Results of lagged multilevel modeling indicated that spending more time with a parent predicted fewer depressive symptoms in adolescents at the following assessment relative to their mean; in contrast, greater severity of depressive symptoms did not predict spending less time with a parent at the following assessment. In contrast, parental warmth did not account for or moderate the association between time together and depressive symptoms. These results suggest that non-affective dimensions of family life, specifically spending more time with parents, have beneficial effects on depressive symptoms in adolescents diagnosed with depression.
研究表明，家庭的非情感特征，如父母和青少年在一起的时间长短，会影响青少年的抑郁症状。然而，与父母共度时光不仅可以预防抑郁症状的发生，还可以减轻已经抑郁的青少年的症状。本研究旨在检验这一假设，同时还考察家庭功能的情感维度——特别是父母的温暖——是否解释或调节了观察到的关联。最后，我们检验了关联的相反方向，检查青少年的抑郁严重程度是否会导致父母与他们相处的时间减少。41 名符合当前重度抑郁症标准的青少年（14 至 17 岁）与一位家长一起参加了本研究。在六个时间点，每对参与者每月完成一次抑郁症状和父母与青少年相处时间的报告。参与者还完成了父母温暖的测量。滞后多层次模型的结果表明，与平均值相比，与父母共度更多时间可以预测青少年在下一次评估时的抑郁症状减少；相反，抑郁症状的严重程度增加并不会预测他们在下一次评估时与父母相处的时间减少。相比之下，父母的温暖并不能解释或调节时间与抑郁症状之间的关联。这些结果表明，家庭生活的非情感维度，特别是与父母共度更多时间，对被诊断患有抑郁症的青少年的抑郁症状有有益的影响。
