Hazen and Sawyer, Lakewood, Colorado.
Hazen and Sawyer, Raleigh, North Carolina.
Water Environ Res. 2019 Sep;91(9):830-842. doi: 10.1002/wer.1096. Epub 2019 Apr 20.
A year-long sampling campaign at nine water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) was conducted to assess the treatability and fate of bacterial indicators, viral indicators, and viruses. Influent concentrations of viral indicators (male-specific and somatic coliphages) and bacterial indicators (Escherichia coli and enterococci) remained relatively constant, typically varying by one order of magnitude over the course of the year. Annual average bacterial indicator reduction ranged from 4.0 to 6.7 logs, and annual average viral indicator reduction ranged from 1.6 to 5.4 logs. Bacterial and viral indicator reduction depended on the WRRF's treatment processes, and bacterial indicator reduction was greater than viral indicator reduction for many processes. Viral reduction (adenovirus 41, norovirus GI, and norovirus GII) was more similar to viral indicator reduction than bacterial indicator reduction. Overall, this work suggests that viral indicator reduction in WRRFs is variable and depends on specific unit processes. Moreover, for the same unit treatment process, viral indicator reduction and bacterial indicator reduction can vary. PRACTITIONER POINTS: A year-long sampling campaign was conducted at nine water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs). The treatability and fate of bacterial indicators, viral indicators, and viruses were assessed. Viral indicator reduction in WRRFs is variable and depends on specific unit processes. For the same unit treatment process, viral indicator reduction and bacterial indicator reduction can vary.
在九个水资源回收设施（WRRF）进行了为期一年的采样活动，以评估细菌指标、病毒指标和病毒的处理能力和归宿。病毒指标（雄性特异性和体细胞噬菌体）和细菌指标（大肠杆菌和肠球菌）的进水浓度相对保持稳定，通常在一年的过程中变化一个数量级。细菌指标的年平均去除率范围为 4.0 到 6.7 对数，病毒指标的年平均去除率范围为 1.6 到 5.4 对数。细菌和病毒指标的去除取决于 WRRF 的处理工艺，并且对于许多工艺，细菌指标的去除大于病毒指标的去除。病毒减少（腺病毒 41、诺如病毒 GI 和诺如病毒 GII）与病毒指标减少比细菌指标减少更相似。总的来说，这项工作表明，WRRF 中的病毒指标减少是可变的，取决于特定的单元工艺。此外，对于相同的单元处理工艺，病毒指标减少和细菌指标减少可以变化。从业者要点：在九个水资源回收设施（WRRF）进行了为期一年的采样活动。评估了细菌指标、病毒指标和病毒的处理能力和归宿。WRRF 中的病毒指标减少是可变的，取决于特定的单元工艺。对于相同的单元处理工艺，病毒指标减少和细菌指标减少可以变化。
