Huang Luoming, Kawasaki Hiromi, Liu Yiqun, Wang Zhongliang
Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
School of Material Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Mar;98(10):e14777. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000014777.
Myopia, a common eye disease, is a global health burden that is increasing worldwide. Although the risk factors for myopia among children have been extensively investigated, those among university students have not. The aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence of myopia and the factors associated with it among university students in Nanjing.Subjects were selected from among the university students using a stratified random sampling method. A total of 1200 first-year university students were invited to participate in the study. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data on the students' demographic information, history of parental myopia, and behavioral factors, such as having bad postures while reading or writing, performing eye exercises, taking breaks after 30 minutes of continuous reading, using computers or smartphones, sleep, near-work, and outdoor activity. Univariate analyses were performed to find the associations between myopia and the various parameters. Factors that were statistically significant in univariate analyses were selected as candidate variates for multivariate analysis.The overall prevalence of myopia was 86.8%: 86.1% among males, and 88.0% among females (χ = 0.68, P = .411). Chi-squared tests showed that parental myopia, performing eye exercises, taking breaks after 30 minutes of continuous reading, and engaging in outdoor activity were significantly associated with myopia (P < .001, P = .034, P < .001, and P = .002, respectively). Having at least 1 parent with myopia was a risk factor for myopia (OR = 3.58, 95% CI = 1.96-6.54); whereas, taking breaks after 30 minutes of continuous reading and performing at least 2 hours of outdoor activity per day were protective against myopia in multivariate analysis (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.41-0.93; and OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.2-0.99; respectively).The prevalence of myopia among university students was 86.8%. Parental myopia was a risk factor for myopia. Taking breaks after 30 minutes of continuous reading, and engaging in at least 2 hours of outdoor activity were associated with less myopia. In addition, performing eye exercises was associated with less myopia on univariate analysis.
近视是一种常见的眼部疾病，是一项在全球范围内不断加重的全球健康负担。尽管儿童近视的风险因素已得到广泛研究，但大学生近视的风险因素尚未得到充分研究。我们研究的目的是调查南京大学生近视的患病率及其相关因素。
采用分层随机抽样方法从大学生中选取研究对象。共邀请了1200名大学一年级学生参与本研究。通过一份自填式问卷收集学生的人口统计学信息、父母近视史以及行为因素，如读写姿势不良、做眼保健操、连续阅读30分钟后休息、使用电脑或智能手机、睡眠、近距离工作和户外活动情况。进行单因素分析以找出近视与各种参数之间的关联。在单因素分析中具有统计学意义的因素被选为多因素分析的候选变量。
近视的总体患病率为86.8%：男性为86.1%，女性为88.0%（χ² = 0.68，P = 0.411）。卡方检验表明，父母近视、做眼保健操、连续阅读30分钟后休息以及进行户外活动与近视显著相关（P < 0.001、P = 0.034、P < 0.001和P = 0.002）。父母至少一方患有近视是近视的一个风险因素（OR = 3.58，95%CI = 1.96 - 6.54）；而在多因素分析中，连续阅读30分钟后休息以及每天进行至少2小时的户外活动对近视具有预防作用（OR = 0.61，95%CI = 0.41 - 0.93；OR = 0.45，95%CI = 0.2 - 0.99）。
大学生近视患病率为86.8%。父母近视是近视的一个风险因素。连续阅读30分钟后休息以及进行至少2小时的户外活动与较低的近视率相关。此外，在单因素分析中，做眼保健操与较低的近视率相关。
