Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
Arch Insect Biochem Physiol. 2019 Nov;102(3):e21544. doi: 10.1002/arch.21544. Epub 2019 Mar 11.
Ticks are obligate blood-sucking ectoparasites, which not only directly damage through bites but also transmit many pathogens. China has a high diversity of tick species, 125 species have been reported, including 111 hard tick and 14 soft tick species. Many of the ticks are important vectors of pathogens, resulting in zoonoses. The dynamics of ticks are affected by both the host and habitat environment. However, systematic studies on the geographical distribution, host diversity, and specificity of ticks are limited in China. To achieve this goal, the relevant available data were summarized and analyzed in this study. Ticks are distributed in all parts of China and Xinjiang has the most records of ticks. The distribution of ticks in adjacent areas is similar, indicating that the habitat environment affects their distribution. Most ticks are widely distributed, whereas some species are endemic to their distributed regions. Ticks are parasitic on mammals, birds, and reptiles, of which mammals are the main host species. Overall, most ticks parasitize different hosts, only a few ticks have strict host specificity, such as ticks that are specifically parasitic on reptiles and bats. In addition, environmental changes and control efforts also influence the dynamics of ticks. These results can better reveal tick biological traits and are valuable for tick control.
蜱是专性吸血的外寄生虫，不仅通过叮咬直接造成损害，还传播许多病原体。中国有丰富的蜱种多样性，已报告 125 种，包括 111 种硬蜱和 14 种软蜱。许多蜱是重要的病原体媒介，导致人畜共患病。蜱的动态受宿主和栖息地环境的影响。然而，中国对蜱的地理分布、宿主多样性和特异性的系统研究有限。为了实现这一目标，本研究对相关现有数据进行了总结和分析。蜱分布在中国各地，新疆的蜱记录最多。相邻地区的蜱分布相似，表明栖息地环境影响其分布。大多数蜱广泛分布，而有些物种则局限于其分布地区。蜱寄生在哺乳动物、鸟类和爬行动物上，其中哺乳动物是主要的宿主物种。总体而言，大多数蜱寄生在不同的宿主上，只有少数蜱具有严格的宿主特异性，如专门寄生在爬行动物和蝙蝠上的蜱。此外，环境变化和控制工作也会影响蜱的动态。这些结果可以更好地揭示蜱的生物学特征，对蜱的控制具有重要价值。
