Parasitology Lab., Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,Norwegian University of Life Sciences,PO Box 369 sentrum, 0102 Oslo,Norway.
Smittevernlege, Postboks 184, Fjell kommune, 5342 Straume,Norway.
Epidemiol Infect. 2019 Jan;147:e139. doi: 10.1017/S0950268819000232.
In the autumn of 2018, an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis affected adult employees from the same company in Western Norway. The organism was Cryptosporidium parvum, GP60 subtype IIaA14G1R1. All those infected had drunk from the same container of self-pressed apple juice. Incubation period (1 week) and clinical signs were similar among those infected, although some experienced a more prolonged duration of symptoms (up to 2-3 weeks) than others. The infections resulted after consumption from only one of 40 containers of juice and not from any of the other containers. It seems that although Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in a sample from another container, the contamination did not affect the whole batch. This is perhaps indicative of a restricted contamination event, either from contaminated ground in the orchard, or during collection of the fruit, or during processing. Although outbreaks of food-borne cryptosporidiosis have previously been associated with consumption of contaminated apple juice, most of the more recent outbreaks of food-borne cryptosporidiosis have been associated with salad vegetables or herbs. This outbreak, the first outside USA reported to be associated with apple juice, is a timely reminder that such juice is a suitable transmission vehicle for Cryptosporidium oocysts, and that appropriate hygienic measures are essential in the production of such juice, including artisanal (non-commercial) production.
2018 年秋季，挪威西部同一家公司的成年员工爆发了隐孢子虫病。该病原体为微小隐孢子虫，GP60 亚型 IIaA14G1R1。所有受感染者都曾饮用过同一容器的自榨苹果汁。尽管有些人的症状持续时间（长达 2-3 周）比其他人更长，但所有感染者的潜伏期（1 周）和临床症状都相似。感染是在饮用了 40 个容器果汁中的 1 个后发生的，而不是其他任何容器。尽管从另一个容器的样本中检测到了隐孢子虫卵囊，但似乎并未污染整批果汁。这表明污染可能是局部的，要么是果园土壤受到污染，要么是在收集水果或加工过程中受到污染。虽然食源性隐孢子虫病爆发以前与饮用污染的苹果汁有关，但最近大多数食源性隐孢子虫病爆发都与沙拉蔬菜或草药有关。这次爆发是美国以外首例与苹果汁有关的报告，及时提醒人们苹果汁是隐孢子虫卵囊的合适传播载体，此类果汁的生产需要采取适当的卫生措施，包括手工艺（非商业）生产。
