Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics.
Goldsmiths, University of London.
J Cogn Neurosci. 2019 Jun;31(6):855-873. doi: 10.1162/jocn_a_01388. Epub 2019 Mar 18.
Prediction is held to be a fundamental process underpinning perception, action, and cognition. To examine the time course of prediction error signaling, we recorded intracranial EEG activity from nine presurgical epileptic patients while they listened to melodies whose information theoretical predictability had been characterized using a computational model. We examined oscillatory activity in the superior temporal gyrus (STG), the middle temporal gyrus (MTG), and the pars orbitalis of the inferior frontal gyrus, lateral cortical areas previously implicated in auditory predictive processing. We also examined activity in anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG), insula, and amygdala to determine whether signatures of prediction error signaling may also be observable in these subcortical areas. Our results demonstrate that the information content (a measure of unexpectedness) of musical notes modulates the amplitude of low-frequency oscillatory activity (theta to beta power) in bilateral STG and right MTG from within 100 and 200 msec of note onset, respectively. Our results also show this cortical activity to be accompanied by low-frequency oscillatory modulation in ACG and insula-areas previously associated with mediating physiological arousal. Finally, we showed that modulation of low-frequency activity is followed by that of high-frequency (gamma) power from approximately 200 msec in the STG, between 300 and 400 msec in the left insula, and between 400 and 500 msec in the ACG. We discuss these results with respect to models of neural processing that emphasize gamma activity as an index of prediction error signaling and highlight the usefulness of musical stimuli in revealing the wide-reaching neural consequences of predictive processing.
预测被认为是感知、行动和认知的基本过程。为了研究预测误差信号的时间进程，我们在九名术前癫痫患者听音乐时记录了他们的颅内 EEG 活动，这些音乐的信息理论可预测性使用计算模型进行了特征描述。我们检查了颞上回（STG）、颞中回（MTG）和下额叶眶部的振荡活动，这些是先前涉及听觉预测处理的外侧皮质区域。我们还检查了前扣带皮层（ACC）、岛叶和杏仁核的活动，以确定预测误差信号的特征是否也可以在这些皮质下区域中观察到。我们的结果表明，音乐音符的信息量（衡量意外程度的指标）分别从音符起始后 100 和 200 毫秒左右调制双侧 STG 和右侧 MTG 的低频振荡活动（θ至β功率）的幅度。我们的结果还表明，这种皮质活动伴随着 ACC 和岛叶的低频振荡调制，这些区域以前与调节生理唤醒有关。最后，我们表明，在 STG 中大约从 200 毫秒开始，在左侧岛叶中大约从 300 到 400 毫秒，在 ACC 中大约从 400 到 500 毫秒，低频活动的调制之后是高频（伽马）功率的调制。我们根据强调伽马活动作为预测误差信号指标的神经处理模型讨论了这些结果，并强调了音乐刺激在揭示预测处理的广泛神经后果方面的有用性。
