Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.
Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.
PLoS One. 2019 Mar 20;14(3):e0213054. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213054. eCollection 2019.
Low birth weight at birth is an important underlying contributor for neonatal and infant mortality. It accounts for nearly half of all perinatal deaths. Identifying predictors of low birth weight is the first essential step in designing appropriate management strategies. Hence, this study aimed to identify risk factors for low birth weight in hospitals of northeastern Ethiopia.
An institution based case-control study design was conducted from 10th April to 15th December 2016. Three hundred sixty mother-infant pairs (120 low birth weight babies as cases and 240 normal birth weights as controls) were included in the study. Data were collected by face-to-face interview. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were computed to examine the effect of independent variables on outcome variable using SPSS 20.0. Variables with p-value <0.05 were considered statistically significant.
The mean (±SD) gestational age and birth weight (±SD) were 39.2 (±1.38) weeks and 2800 (±612), grams respectively. Partner's education/being illiterate (AOR: 4.09; 95% CI 1.45, 11.50), antenatal care visit at private health institutions (AOR: 0.13; 95% CI 0.02, 0.66), having history of obstetric complications (AOR: 5.70; 95% CI 2.38, 13.63), maternal weight during pregnancy (AOR: 4.04; 95% CI 1.50, 10.84) and gravidity (AOR: 0.36; 95% CI 0.18, 0.73) were significantly associated with low birth weight. Additionally, a site for water storage and water treatment were significant environmental factors.
Maternal weight during pregnancy, paternal education, previous obstetric complication and place of antenatal follow-up were associated with low birth weight. The risk factors identified in this study are preventable. Thus, nutritional counseling, health education on improvement of lifestyle and early recognition and treatment of complications are the recommended interventions.
出生体重低是新生儿和婴儿死亡的一个重要潜在原因。它几乎占所有围产期死亡的一半。确定低出生体重的预测因素是设计适当管理策略的第一步。因此，本研究旨在确定埃塞俄比亚东北部医院低出生体重的危险因素。
本研究采用基于机构的病例对照设计，于 2016 年 4 月 10 日至 12 月 15 日进行。共纳入 360 对母婴（120 例低出生体重儿为病例，240 例正常出生体重儿为对照）。通过面对面访谈收集数据。采用 SPSS 20.0 计算单变量和多变量逻辑回归模型，以检查独立变量对结果变量的影响。p 值<0.05 的变量被认为具有统计学意义。
平均（±SD）胎龄和出生体重（±SD）分别为 39.2（±1.38）周和 2800（±612）克。伴侣的教育/文盲（AOR：4.09；95%CI 1.45，11.50）、在私立医疗机构进行产前检查（AOR：0.13；95%CI 0.02，0.66）、有产科并发症史（AOR：5.70；95%CI 2.38，13.63）、妊娠期间的母亲体重（AOR：4.04；95%CI 1.50，10.84）和孕次（AOR：0.36；95%CI 0.18，0.73）与低出生体重显著相关。此外，水储存和处理地点是重要的环境因素。
妊娠期间母亲体重、父亲教育程度、既往产科并发症和产前检查地点与低出生体重有关。本研究确定的危险因素是可以预防的。因此，建议进行营养咨询、改善生活方式的健康教育以及早期识别和治疗并发症。
