Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.
Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia.
PLoS One. 2021 Feb 10;16(2):e0246587. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246587. eCollection 2021.
Low birth weight puts a newborn at increased risk of death and illness, and limits their productivity in the adulthood period later. The incidence of low birth weight has been selected as an important indicator for monitoring major health goals by the World Summit for Children. The 2014 World Health Organization estimation of child death indicated that 4.53% of total deaths in Ethiopia were due to low birth weight. The aim of this study was to assess trends of proximate low birth weight and associations of low birth weight with potential determinants from 2011 to 2016.
This study used the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data (EDHS) as data sources. According to the 2016 EDHS data, all the regions were stratified into urban and rural areas. The variable "size of child" measured according to the report of mothers before two weeks of the EDHS takes placed. The study sample refined from EDHS data and used for this further analysis were 7919 children. A logistic regression model was used to assess the association of proximate low birth weight and potential determinates of proximate low birth weight. But, the data were tested to model fitness and were fitted to Hosmer-Lemeshow-goodness of fit.
The prevalence of proximate low birth weight in Ethiopia was 26.9% (2132), (95%CI = 25.4, 27.9). Of the prevalence of child size in year from 2011 to 2016, 17.1% was very small, and 9.8% was small. In the final multivariate logistic regression model, region (AOR = xx), (955%CI = xx), Afar (AOR = 2.44), (95%CI = 1.82, 3.27), Somalia (AOR = 0.73), (95%CI = 0.55, 0.97), Benishangul-Gumz (AOR = 0.48), (95%CI = 0.35, 0.67), SNNPR (AOR = 0.67), (95%CI = 0.48, 0.93), religion, Protestant (AOR = 0.76), (95%CI = 0.60, 0.95), residence, rural (AOR = 1.39), (95%CI = 1.07, 1.81), child sex, female (AOR = 1.43), (95%CI = 1.29, 1.59), birth type, multiple birth during first parity (AOR = 2.18), (95%CI = 1.41, 3.37), multiple birth during second parity (AOR = 2.92), (95%CI = 1.86, 4.58), preparedness for birth, wanted latter child (AOR = 1.26), (95%CI = 1.09, 1.47), fast and rapid breathing (AOR = 1.22), (95%CI = 1.02, 1.45), maternal education, unable to read and write (AOR = 1.46), (95%CI = 1.56, 2.17), and maternal age, 15-19 years old (AOR = 1.86), (95%CI = 1.19, 2.92) associated with proximate low birth weight.
The proximate LBW prevalence as indicated by small child size is high. Region, religion, residence, birth type, preparedness for birth, fast and rapid breathing, maternal education, and maternal age were associated with proximate low birth weight. Health institutions should mitigating measures on low birth weight with a special emphasis on factors identified in this study.
低出生体重使新生儿面临更高的死亡和患病风险，并限制他们在成年后的生产力。低出生体重的发生率已被世界儿童峰会选为监测主要健康目标的一个重要指标。2014 年世界卫生组织对儿童死亡的估计表明，埃塞俄比亚总死亡人数中有 4.53%是由于低出生体重造成的。本研究旨在评估 2011 年至 2016 年期间近因低出生体重的趋势，并评估低出生体重与潜在决定因素之间的关联。
本研究使用了 2016 年埃塞俄比亚人口与健康调查（EDHS）的数据（EDHS）作为数据来源。根据 2016 年 EDHS 数据，所有地区都分为城市和农村地区。根据 EDHS 前两周母亲报告的“儿童大小”变量进行测量。从 EDHS 数据中提取研究样本，并进一步用于本分析的是 7919 名儿童。使用逻辑回归模型评估近因低出生体重和近因低出生体重潜在决定因素之间的关联。但是，对数据进行了模型拟合度测试，并采用 Hosmer-Lemeshow 拟合优度检验进行拟合。
埃塞俄比亚近因低出生体重的患病率为 26.9%（2132），（95%CI = 25.4，27.9）。2011 年至 2016 年期间，儿童体型的患病率中，17.1%为非常小，9.8%为小。在最终的多变量逻辑回归模型中，地区（AOR = xx），（955%CI = xx），Afar（AOR = 2.44），（95%CI = 1.82，3.27），索马里（AOR = 0.73），（95%CI = 0.55，0.97），Benishangul-Gumz（AOR = 0.48），（95%CI = 0.35，0.67），SNNPR（AOR = 0.67），（95%CI = 0.48，0.93），宗教，新教（AOR = 0.76），（95%CI = 0.60，0.95），居住，农村（AOR = 1.39），（95%CI = 1.07，1.81），儿童性别，女性（AOR = 1.43），（95%CI = 1.29，1.59），分娩类型，第一胎多胎（AOR = 2.18），（95%CI = 1.41，3.37），第二胎多胎（AOR = 2.92），（95%CI = 1.86，4.58），分娩准备，想要后一个孩子（AOR = 1.26），（95%CI = 1.09，1.47），快速呼吸（AOR = 1.22），（95%CI = 1.02，1.45），母亲教育，不能读写（AOR = 1.46），（95%CI = 1.56，2.17）和母亲年龄，15-19 岁（AOR = 1.86），（95%CI = 1.19，2.92）与近因低出生体重相关。
近因 LBW 患病率高，表明儿童体型较小。地区、宗教、居住、分娩类型、分娩准备、快速呼吸、母亲教育和母亲年龄与近因低出生体重有关。卫生机构应采取措施降低低出生体重的发生率，特别关注本研究中确定的因素。
