School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China.
PLoS One. 2019 Mar 21;14(3):e0214226. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214226. eCollection 2019.
Hazard perceptioniscrucial for identifying potential hazards on the road, and how quick drivers can respond to the hazard partiallyrelies on their risk rating of the hazard after they detect it. Although many studies have attempted to reveal the relationship between drivers'response latencies and their risk ratings, this relationship has not been extensivelyexplored under different hazard types. The presentstudy addresses this issue using a video-based hazard perception task.Forty novice drivers and 35 experienced drivers were recruited and 26 video clipscontaining either an overt hazard (continuous visibility) or a covert hazard (interrupted visibility) were shown to participants.Participants were asked to finish the hazard perception task first and then rated the risk level of the hazard when each video clip was replayed. Participants'confidence in their answers for risk ratings was also determined.Results showed that experienced drivers responded to overt and covert hazards faster than did novice drivers. A negative and significant correlation was found between drivers' risk ratings of covert hazards and their response latencies. Such a relationship was not found forovert hazards. More importantly, drivers rated the risk level of covert hazards higher than that of overt hazards, and higher risk ratings of covert hazards resulted in faster responses to these hazards. The findings of the present study indicate that hazard types not only influence drivers' risk ratings and response latencies but also determine theirrelationships.
风险感知对于识别道路上的潜在危险至关重要，驾驶员对危险做出反应的速度在一定程度上取决于他们在检测到危险后对危险的风险评级。尽管许多研究试图揭示驾驶员反应时与风险评级之间的关系，但在不同危险类型下，这种关系尚未得到广泛探讨。本研究使用基于视频的风险感知任务来解决这个问题。招募了 40 名新手驾驶员和 35 名经验丰富的驾驶员，并向参与者展示了 26 个包含明显危险（连续可见度）或隐蔽危险（间断可见度）的视频片段。参与者被要求首先完成风险感知任务，然后在每个视频片段重播时对危险的风险水平进行评级。还确定了参与者对风险评级答案的信心。结果表明，经验丰富的驾驶员对明显和隐蔽危险的反应速度快于新手驾驶员。隐蔽危险的驾驶员风险评级与反应时之间存在负相关且显著相关。在明显危险中未发现这种关系。更重要的是，驾驶员对隐蔽危险的风险评级高于明显危险，并且对隐蔽危险的更高风险评级导致对这些危险的更快反应。本研究的结果表明，危险类型不仅影响驾驶员的风险评级和反应时，还决定了它们之间的关系。
