Department of Social Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Mar 20;16(6):1011. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16061011.
Environmental noise is an important public health problem, being among the top environmental risks to health. The burden of noise exposure seems to be unequally distributed in societies. Up to now there is fragmentary evidence regarding which social groups are most affected. The aim of this review was to systematically assess published evidence on social inequalities in environmental noise exposure in the WHO European Region, taking different sociodemographic and socioeconomic dimensions as well as subjective and objective measures of environmental noise exposure into account. Articles published in English in a peer reviewed journal between 2010 and 2017 were included in the review. Eight studies were finally included in the review, four of them analysed aggregated data and four analysed individual data. Though results of social inequalities in noise exposures were mixed between and within studies, there was a trend that studies using indicators of material deprivation and deprivation indices showed higher environmental noise exposures in groups with lower socioeconomic position. More research on the social distribution of environmental noise exposure on a small spatial scale is needed, taking into account aspects of vulnerability and procedural justice.
环境噪声是一个重要的公共卫生问题，是对健康的主要环境风险之一。噪声暴露的负担在社会中似乎分布不均。到目前为止，关于哪些社会群体受到的影响最大，还没有零碎的证据。本综述的目的是系统评估世卫组织欧洲区域环境噪声暴露方面的社会不平等的已有证据，同时考虑到不同的社会人口学和社会经济维度以及环境噪声暴露的主观和客观测量。综述纳入了 2010 年至 2017 年期间以同行评审期刊发表的英文文章。综述最终纳入了 8 项研究，其中 4 项分析了汇总数据，4 项分析了个体数据。尽管研究之间和研究内部的噪声暴露社会不平等结果存在差异，但有一个趋势是，使用物质剥夺指标和剥夺指数的研究表明，社会经济地位较低的群体环境噪声暴露水平更高。需要在小空间尺度上开展更多关于环境噪声暴露的社会分布的研究，同时考虑脆弱性和程序正义方面的问题。
