Aubry M, Cao-Lormeau V-M
Institut Louis Malardé, Tahiti, French Polynesia.
New Microbes New Infect. 2019 Feb 8;29:100513. doi: 10.1016/j.nmni.2019.01.009. eCollection 2019 May.
In French Polynesia, arthropod-borne diseases are major public health problems. From the mid-1940s, the four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV-1 to -4) have caused 15 epidemics of variable severity. In 2013, for the first time, a sustained co-circulation of two different DENV serotypes (DENV-1 and -3) was reported. The same year, Zika virus (ZIKV) caused the largest outbreak ever recorded at that time. Severe neurologic complications in adults, including Guillain-Barré syndrome and central nervous system malformations in newborns and foeteuses, such as microcephaly, were reported, and a causal link with ZIKV infection was established. In addition to mosquito-borne transmission, the potential for perinatal, sexual and blood-transfusion transmission of ZIKV was demonstrated. In 2014, chikungunya virus (CHIKV) caused an explosive outbreak. Series of Guillain-Barré syndrome temporally associated with the CHIKV epidemic were reported. Except for DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV, no other arboviruses have been detected so far, but serologic evidence suggested the past silent circulation of Ross River virus. From May 2015 DENV-1 has been the only arbovirus transmitted in French Polynesia, but the reemergence of DENV-2 is highly expected since the detection of two autochthonous cases of DENV-2 infection in June 2018.
在法属波利尼西亚，虫媒传播疾病是主要的公共卫生问题。自20世纪40年代中期以来，登革热病毒的四种血清型（DENV-1至-4）已引发了15次严重程度各异的疫情。2013年，首次报告了两种不同登革热病毒血清型（DENV-1和-3）的持续共同传播情况。同年，寨卡病毒（ZIKV）引发了当时有记录以来最大规模的疫情。报告了成人的严重神经并发症，包括吉兰-巴雷综合征，以及新生儿和胎儿的中枢神经系统畸形，如小头畸形，并确定了与寨卡病毒感染的因果关系。除了蚊虫传播外，还证实了寨卡病毒存在围产期、性传播和输血传播的可能性。2014年，基孔肯雅病毒（CHIKV）引发了一次爆发性疫情。报告了一系列与基孔肯雅病毒疫情在时间上相关的吉兰-巴雷综合征病例。除了登革热病毒、寨卡病毒和基孔肯雅病毒外，目前尚未检测到其他虫媒病毒，但血清学证据表明罗斯河病毒过去曾悄然传播。自2015年5月以来，DENV-1一直是法属波利尼西亚唯一传播的虫媒病毒，但由于2018年6月检测到两例登革热病毒2型感染的本地病例，预计登革热病毒2型将再度出现。
