Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
School of EECS, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol. 2020 May;15(4):421-431. doi: 10.1080/17483107.2019.1587017. Epub 2019 Mar 25.
Memory impairment can necessitate use of external memory aids to preserve functional independence. As external aids can be difficult to learn and remember to use, technology may improve the efficacy of current rehabilitation strategies. We detail the iterative development of a digital application of a paper-and-pencil memory notebook. Twenty participants (aged 54+) of varying levels of cognitive ability were recruited for four iterations of usability testing (five participants per iteration). Each participant completed a series of tasks using the digital memory notebook (DMN), followed by questionnaires that assessed satisfaction (Questionnaire for User Interface Satisfaction) and usability ratings (Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire) for the application. Between Iterations 2 and 5, participants demonstrated marked reductions in time to complete several types of tasks (e.g., add event, navigate interface) using the DMN. Participants in Iteration 5 also rated all subscales of both the usability and satisfaction questionnaires very highly. Faster task completion times were correlated with more favourable system ratings. However, neither task performance times nor system ratings were correlated with cognitive abilities, scheduling tool use or comfort with technology. Both the questionnaire and performance-based data indicate the final iteration of the DMN was easy to use. Furthermore, the application was user-friendly despite individual differences in cognitive ability, familiarity with scheduling tools and comfort with technology. Future work will demonstrate whether the DMN will support everyday retrospective and prospective memory lapses and increase the functional independence and quality of life for persons with cognitive impairment.Implications for rehabilitationBuilding on practice standards and user-centred design, the digital memory notebook (DMN) application is an "all-in-one" memory aid and organizational tool with an intuitive interface designed to help improve everyday functioning.The DMN's today page, to do list and calendar functions can support everyday prospective and retrospective memory abilities.The DMN's notes, journaling and motivational functions can support longer-term goal planning and mood management.The DMN's alarm functions can support learning to use the DMN and serve as reminders to support prospective memory and aid in activity completion.
记忆障碍可能需要使用外部记忆辅助工具来保持功能独立性。由于外部辅助工具可能难以学习和记住使用，因此技术可能会提高当前康复策略的效果。我们详细介绍了纸质记忆笔记本的数字应用程序的迭代开发。我们招募了 20 名认知能力不同的参与者（年龄在 54 岁以上），进行了四轮可用性测试（每轮 5 名参与者）。每个参与者都使用数字记忆笔记本（DMN）完成了一系列任务，然后回答了评估应用程序满意度（用户界面满意度问卷）和可用性评分（使用后系统可用性问卷）的问题。在第 2 轮和第 5 轮迭代之间，参与者使用 DMN 完成多项任务的时间明显缩短，例如添加事件、导航界面。第 5 轮迭代的参与者还对可用性和满意度问卷的所有子量表给予了非常高的评价。更快的任务完成时间与更高的系统评分相关。然而，无论是任务完成时间还是系统评分，都与认知能力、日程安排工具的使用或对技术的熟悉程度无关。问卷调查和基于表现的数据均表明，DMN 的最终版本易于使用。此外，尽管参与者的认知能力、日程安排工具的熟悉程度和对技术的熟悉程度存在差异，但该应用程序仍易于使用。未来的工作将证明 DMN 是否能支持日常回顾性和前瞻性记忆失误，并提高认知障碍患者的功能独立性和生活质量。
对康复的启示
在实践标准和以用户为中心的设计基础上，数字记忆笔记本（DMN）应用程序是一种“一体化”的记忆辅助工具和组织工具，具有直观的界面，旨在帮助改善日常功能。DMN 的今日页面、待办事项列表和日历功能可以支持日常的前瞻性和回顾性记忆能力。DMN 的笔记、日记和激励功能可以支持长期目标规划和情绪管理。DMN 的闹钟功能可以帮助学习使用 DMN，并作为提醒，支持前瞻性记忆，帮助完成活动。
