新加坡医学生和护理学生对精神病学的态度。
Attitudes towards psychiatry amongst medical and nursing students in Singapore.
机构信息
Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore.
Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
出版信息
BMC Med Educ. 2019 Mar 27;19(1):91. doi: 10.1186/s12909-019-1518-x.
BACKGROUND
A shortage of specialists in psychiatry, both in terms of psychiatrists and psychiatric nurses is evident worldwide. While there are multiple factors leading to an individual's decision to specialize in psychiatry, the individual's perceptions and attitudes towards psychiatry tend to play an essential role. This study thus aimed to explore attitudes towards psychiatry amongst medical and nursing students in Singapore and examine factors associated with these attitudes.
METHODS
The present cross-sectional study used an online web survey tool to assess attitudes towards psychiatry amongst 502 medical and 500 nursing students in Singapore using the Attitudes towards Psychiatry (ATP-18) scale. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regressions were used to examine associated factors (sociodemographic and education).
RESULTS
The majority of students in this population endorsed favourable attitudes towards the following aspects of psychiatry: challenges within psychiatry, importance of psychiatry and psychiatric skills, treatment efficacy and view towards psychiatrists, but had generally unfavourable attitudes towards psychiatric patients. Male participants (compared to female; β = - 1.190, p < 0.05), participants in the middle income group (compared to higher income group; β = - 0.945, p < 0.05), participants who rated average for psychiatry lecture course and psychiatry clinical placement course (compared to above average; β = - 1.654, p < 0.05; β = - 1.181, p < 0.05) had a less favourable attitude to psychiatry. Not surprisingly, participants who were more likely to specialize in psychiatry (β = 2.053, p < 0.001) had a more favourable attitude towards psychiatry compared to those who were less likely to specialize in psychiatry.
CONCLUSIONS
The majority of students in this study endorsed unfavourable attitudes towards patients in the psychiatric setting. The present psychiatry curriculum could be improved to nurture the development of empathetic attitudes towards people with mental illness. De-stigmatization strategies could also be integrated into other curricula besides psychiatry.
背景
精神科专家（包括精神科医生和精神科护士）短缺在全球范围内都很明显。虽然导致个人决定专攻精神科的因素有很多，但个人对精神科的看法和态度往往起着至关重要的作用。因此，本研究旨在探讨新加坡医学生和护理学生对精神科的态度，并研究与这些态度相关的因素。
方法
本横断面研究使用在线网络调查工具，使用精神科态度量表（ATP-18）评估了 502 名医学生和 500 名护理学生对精神科的态度。使用描述性统计和多元线性回归分析来研究相关因素（社会人口统计学和教育）。
结果
该人群中的大多数学生对精神科的以下方面表示认可：精神科的挑战、精神科的重要性和精神科技能、治疗效果和对精神科医生的看法，但对精神科患者的态度普遍不佳。与女性相比，男性参与者（β=-1.190，p<0.05）；与高收入组相比，中等收入组参与者（β=-0.945，p<0.05）；与平均水平相比，对精神科讲座课程和精神科临床实习课程评价较高的参与者（β=-1.654，p<0.05；β=-1.181，p<0.05）对精神科的态度较差。毫不奇怪，与不太可能专攻精神科的参与者相比，更有可能专攻精神科的参与者（β=2.053，p<0.001）对精神科的态度更为有利。
结论
本研究中的大多数学生对精神科环境中的患者持不利态度。目前的精神科课程可以改进，以培养对精神疾病患者的同理心。除精神科外，还可以将去污名化策略纳入其他课程。
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