Role of hydrogen sulfide in the musculoskeletal system.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) has been known as a gasotransmitter, and it contributes to various physiological and pathological processes. Multiple enzymes such as cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) and 3-Mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MST) produce endogenous HS, and these are differentially expressed in the various tissue systems including the skeletal system. However, abnormal HS production is associated with deregulation of the signaling cascade and imbalanced tissue homeostasis. Several studies have previously provided evidence showing the essential regulatory action of HS in skeletal homeostasis. In this review, we have emphasized the novel function of HS in both bone and skeletal muscle anabolism, in particular. Additionally, we also reviewed the molecular and epigenetic basis of HS signaling in bone development and skeletal muscle function.