Mewalal Ritesh, Yin Hengfu, Hu Rongbin, Jawdy Sara, Vion Patrice, Tuskan Gerald A, Le Tacon François, Labbé Jessy L, Yang Xiaohan
Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States.
State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, China.
Front Microbiol. 2019 Mar 18;10:515. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00515. eCollection 2019.
Ecto- and endo-mycorrhizal colonization of roots have a positive impact on the overall tree health and growth. A complete molecular understanding of these interactions will have important implications for increasing agricultural or forestry sustainability using plant:microbe-based strategies. These beneficial associations entail extensive morphological changes orchestrated by the genetic reprogramming in both organisms. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of two species ( and ) that were colonized by either an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AmF), or an ectomycorrhizal fungus (EmF), , to describe the small RNA (sRNA) landscape including small open reading frames (sORFs) and micro RNAs (miRNAs) involved in these mutualistic interactions. We identified differential expression of sRNAs that were, to a large extent, (1) within the genomic regions lacking annotated genes in the genome and (2) distinct for each fungal interaction. These sRNAs may be a source of novel sORFs within a genome, and in this regard, we identified potential sORFs encoded by the sRNAs. We predicted a higher number of differentially-expressed miRNAs in (4 times more) than in (conserved and novel). In addition, 44 miRNAs were common in between the EmF and AmF treatments, and only 4 miRNAs were common in between the treatments. Root colonization by either fungus was more effective in than in , thus the relatively few differentially-expressed miRNAs predicted in might reflect the extent of the symbiosis. Finally, we predicted several genes targets for the plant miRNAs identified here, including potential fungal gene targets. Our findings shed light on additional molecular tiers with a role in -fungal mutualistic associations and provides a set of potential molecular targets for future enhancement.
根的外生和内生菌根定殖对树木的整体健康和生长具有积极影响。对这些相互作用的完整分子理解对于利用基于植物-微生物的策略提高农业或林业可持续性具有重要意义。这些有益的共生关系需要通过两种生物体中的基因重编程精心安排广泛的形态变化。在本研究中，我们对两种被丛枝菌根真菌（AmF）或外生菌根真菌（EmF）定殖的物种（和）进行了比较分析，以描述参与这些共生相互作用的小RNA（sRNA）景观，包括小开放阅读框（sORF）和微小RNA（miRNA）。我们鉴定了sRNA的差异表达，这些差异表达在很大程度上：（1）位于基因组中缺乏注释基因的区域内；（2）对于每种真菌相互作用是不同的。这些sRNA可能是基因组内新sORF的来源，在这方面，我们鉴定了由sRNA编码的潜在sORF。我们预测（比保守和新的多4倍）中差异表达的miRNA数量比中更多。此外，在EmF和AmF处理之间有44个miRNA在中是共有的，而在处理之间只有4个miRNA是共有的。两种真菌在根中的定殖在中比在中更有效，因此在中预测的相对较少的差异表达miRNA可能反映了共生的程度。最后，我们预测了此处鉴定的植物miRNA的几个基因靶标，包括潜在的真菌基因靶标。我们的研究结果揭示了在 -真菌共生关系中起作用的其他分子层面，并为未来的增强提供了一组潜在的分子靶标。
