Cornell University, Policy Analysis and Management, Ithaca, New York.
University of Nebraska, Sociology and Institute of Ethnic Studies, Lincoln, Nebraska.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2020 Sep 14;75(8):1707-1718. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbz038.
Using a gendered life course perspective, we examine whether the relationship between age of migration and mortality is moderated by gender among a cohort of older Mexican Americans.
Data from the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly and recently matched mortality data are used to estimate Cox proportional hazard models.
Our findings indicate that the relationship between age of migration and mortality is moderated by gender, suggesting a more nuanced perspective of the immigrant mortality paradox. Among men, midlife migrants exhibit an 18% lower risk of mortality compared to their U.S.-born co-ethnics, possibly due to immigrant selectivity at the time of migration. Conversely, late-life migrant women exhibit a 17% lower risk of mortality relative to U.S.-born women, attributed in part to socio-cultural characteristics that influence lifestyle risk factors across the life course.
Selection mechanisms and acculturation processes associated with the immigrant experience are contingent on both age and gender, suggesting the utility of an integrated life course approach to contextualize the mortality profiles of older immigrants. These findings demonstrate the heterogeneity among immigrants and highlight the need to understand gender differences in the migration process when assessing the immigrant mortality paradox.
利用性别生命周期视角，我们检验了在一群老年墨西哥裔美国人中，迁移年龄与死亡率之间的关系是否受到性别因素的调节。
使用西班牙裔美国人老龄化人口研究和最近匹配的死亡率数据，估计 Cox 比例风险模型。
我们的研究结果表明，迁移年龄与死亡率之间的关系受到性别因素的调节，这表明移民死亡率悖论需要更细致的视角。在男性中，与在美国出生的同族人相比，中年移民的死亡率风险降低了 18%，这可能是由于移民在迁移时具有选择性。相反，与在美国出生的女性相比，晚年移民女性的死亡率风险降低了 17%，这部分归因于影响整个生命周期生活方式风险因素的社会文化特征。
与移民经历相关的选择机制和文化适应过程取决于年龄和性别，这表明需要采用综合的生命周期方法来描述老年移民的死亡率特征。这些发现表明移民之间存在异质性，并强调在评估移民死亡率悖论时，需要了解移民过程中的性别差异。
