Division of Biochemistry, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India.
Clinical Studies, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India.
Nutrition. 2019 Jul-Aug;63-64:106-113. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.01.017. Epub 2019 Jan 28.
Studies in children and pregnant women consistently showed pandemic proportions of micronutrient deficiencies in the Indian subcontinent. However, vitamin deficiencies in apparently healthy adults are seldom recognized, hence the aim of this exploratory study was to assess their subclinical vitamin status and dietary intakes.
In all, 270 apparently healthy urban adults 30 to 70 y of age, from Hyderabad city, India participated in this study. Blood levels of vitamins (A, B, B, B, total and active B, D, and folate) and homocysteine were assessed. Anthropometric parameters were measured; dietary intake was obtained by food frequency questionnaire, and probability of adequacy (PA) was calculated by the estimated average requirement.
Among the study population, the overall prevalence of deficiency of vitamin B was strikingly high (50%) followed by the vitamins B (46%), active B (46%), total B (37%), folate (32%), D (29%), B (11%), and A (6%). Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcys) was widely prevalent (52%) in the study participants. In case of dietary intakes, PA was lowest for vitamin B (4%) and folate (9%) followed by vitamins A (22%), B (33%), B (30%), and B (59%). The mean PA of these vitamins was noticeably low (28%). The unadjusted logistic regression analysis found men and those with a deficiency of folate and total and active B to be at higher risk for HHcys. In the adjusted model, the risk for active B deficiency almost doubled.
The study demonstrated a high prevalence of multiple subclinical vitamin deficiencies, dietary inadequacies, and HHcys, which are possible risk factors for disease burden among apparently healthy adults.
研究表明，在印度次大陆，儿童和孕妇的微量营养素缺乏现象普遍存在。然而，人们很少意识到成年人存在维生素缺乏的情况，因此本探索性研究旨在评估他们的亚临床维生素状况和饮食摄入量。
本研究共纳入 270 名来自印度海得拉巴市的 30 至 70 岁的健康成年人。评估了他们血液中的维生素（A、B、B、B、总维生素 B 和活性 B、D 和叶酸）和同型半胱氨酸水平。测量了人体测量参数；通过食物频率问卷获得饮食摄入量，并通过估计平均需求量计算充足概率（PA）。
在研究人群中，维生素 B 缺乏的总体患病率非常高（50%），其次是维生素 B（46%）、活性 B（46%）、总 B（37%）、叶酸（32%）、D（29%）、B（11%）和 A（6%）。研究参与者中广泛存在高同型半胱氨酸血症（HHcys）（52%）。在饮食摄入量方面，维生素 B（4%）和叶酸（9%）的 PA 最低，其次是维生素 A（22%）、B（33%）、B（30%）和 B（59%）。这些维生素的平均 PA 明显较低（28%）。未调整的逻辑回归分析发现，男性以及叶酸、总维生素 B 和活性 B 缺乏的人患 HHcys 的风险更高。在调整后的模型中，活性 B 缺乏的风险几乎增加了一倍。
该研究表明，亚临床多种维生素缺乏、饮食不足和 HHcys 的患病率较高，这些都是健康成年人疾病负担的潜在风险因素。
