Gajda Robert, Kowalik Ewa, Rybka Sławomir, Rębowska Ewa, Śmigielski Witold, Nowak Michał, Kwaśniewska Magdalena, Hoffman Piotr, Drygas Wojciech
Center for Sports Cardiology, Gajda-Med Medical Center, Pultusk, Poland.
Department of Congenital Heart Diseases, The Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński Institute of Cardiology, Warszawa, Poland.
Front Physiol. 2019 Mar 22;10:296. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00296. eCollection 2019.
Knowledge of the human body's ability to adapt to repeated endurance efforts during swimming is limited. We echocardiographically assessed the impact of an exhausting and repetitive swimming effort on cardiac activity. Fourteen well-trained amateur swimmers (8 female swimmers aged 16-43 years and 6 male swimmers aged 13-67 years old) participated in an ultramarathon relay. Over 5 days, swimmers swam 500 km in the Warta River (in 5-km intervals). Each swimmer swam seven intervals, each within 44:46 to 60:02 min. Objective difficulties included low water temperatures, strong winds, rain, and night conditions. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was performed three times: at baseline (the day before exertion), at peak effort, and during recovery (48 h after the event). The heart rate (HR) of each swimmer was monitored. Swimmers completed the ultramarathon relay within approximately 91 h. The average HR value at the end of each interval was 91% HRmax. TTE test results showed no significant changes indicative of deterioration of myocardial function at peak effort or after 48 h. Significant increases in left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, LV fractional shortening (LVFS), LV myocardial systolic velocity, and right ventricular (RV) fractional area changes observed on day 2 after swimming were compared to baseline values and peak effort values. No significant changes in diastolic heart function were observed. Echocardiography assessment indicated that prolonged intense swimming does not affect LV or RV function. Supercompensation of the post-event RV function and increased global LV systolic function demonstrated ventricular interaction after prolonged intense swimming.
人们对人体在游泳过程中适应反复耐力运动的能力了解有限。我们通过超声心动图评估了一次高强度重复游泳运动对心脏活动的影响。14名训练有素的业余游泳者（8名年龄在16 - 43岁的女性游泳者和6名年龄在13 - 67岁的男性游泳者）参加了一场超级马拉松接力赛。在5天时间里，游泳者们在瓦尔塔河游了500公里（以5公里的间隔）。每位游泳者游了7个间隔，每个间隔用时在44分46秒至60分02秒之间。客观困难包括水温低、大风、降雨和夜间条件。经胸超声心动图（TTE）检查进行了三次：在基线期（运动前一天）、运动峰值期和恢复期间（运动后48小时）。监测了每位游泳者的心率（HR）。游泳者们在大约91小时内完成了超级马拉松接力赛。每个间隔结束时的平均HR值为最大心率（HRmax）的91%。TTE测试结果显示，在运动峰值期或48小时后，没有显著变化表明心肌功能恶化。将游泳后第2天观察到的左心室（LV）射血分数、左心室缩短分数（LVFS）、左心室心肌收缩速度和右心室（RV）面积分数变化的显著增加与基线值和运动峰值期的值进行了比较。未观察到舒张期心脏功能有显著变化。超声心动图评估表明，长时间剧烈游泳不会影响左心室或右心室功能。长时间剧烈游泳后右心室功能的超量恢复以及左心室整体收缩功能的增强表明了心室间的相互作用。
