Teles Giovana da Costa, Fonseca Fernanda Rodrigues, Gonçalves Maria Jacirema Ferreira
Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Escola de Enfermagem de Manaus, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2019;61:e22. doi: 10.1590/S1678-9946201961022. Epub 2019 Apr 8.
American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) is one of the most important but neglected infectious diseases, and can cause severe deformities. ATL incidence remains high in forest regions, such as in the Amazonas State, Brazil. However, differences within the State and over time have been observed, since infection patterns are not homogeneous, and these aspects need to be clarified. This study aimed to identify the epidemiological profile of ATL and its spatial and temporal distribution in the Brazilian Amazon, from 2010 to 2014. Data were extracted from the Information System for Notifiable Diseases, which descriptively evaluates the incidence rate, as well as the temporal and spatial distribution of the disease. The highest prevalence of ATL was found in men and in the age group of 20-40 years. Approximately 95% of the cases were of cutaneous ATL and they were identified through direct examination. The spatial analysis has shown that ATL was widely distributed, both in rural and urban areas, and more concentrated in the Southern part of the State. Moreover, although there was an expansion in the spatial distribution and an increasing incidence of ATL in Amazonas, the epidemiological profile remained unchanged, suggesting that other factors must be responsible for its widespread distribution and increasing incidence.
美洲皮肤利什曼病（ATL）是最重要但被忽视的传染病之一，可导致严重畸形。在巴西亚马孙州等森林地区，ATL发病率仍然很高。然而，由于感染模式并非均匀分布，该州内部以及不同时间之间存在差异，这些方面需要加以阐明。本研究旨在确定2010年至2014年巴西亚马孙地区ATL的流行病学特征及其时空分布。数据从法定传染病信息系统中提取，该系统对发病率以及疾病的时空分布进行描述性评估。ATL在男性以及20至40岁年龄组中患病率最高。约95%的病例为皮肤型ATL，通过直接检查确诊。空间分析表明，ATL在农村和城市地区广泛分布，且在该州南部更为集中。此外，尽管亚马孙地区ATL的空间分布有所扩大且发病率上升，但其流行病学特征保持不变，这表明其他因素必定是其广泛传播和发病率上升的原因。
