Murback Nathalia Dias Negrão, Hans Filho Günter, Nascimento Roberta Ayres Ferreira do, Nakazato Katia Regina de Oliveira, Dorval Maria Elizabeth Moraes Cavalheiros
Dr. Helio Mandetta School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
An Bras Dermatol. 2011 Jan-Feb;86(1):55-63. doi: 10.1590/s0365-05962011000100007.
American cutaneous leishmaniasis is a disease with a wide variety of clinical manifestations that is expanding throughout Brazil, the state of Mato Grosso do Sul constituting a significant endemic area.
To evaluate the clinical, epidemiological and laboratory characteristics of patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Patients were recruited among those attending the Maria Aparecida Pedrossian Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
This was a cross-sectional, observational study conducted using a descriptive and analytical approach. Data from patients suspected of having American cutaneous leishmaniasis who were receiving care at this institute between 1998 and 2008 and were referred to the institute's parasitology laboratory for confirmation of diagnosis were evaluated retrospectively. Clinical and laboratory criteria were taken into consideration for the inclusion of patients to the study.
Forty-seven patients were included in the study, the majority of whom were male and between 45 and 59 years of age. Most had the cutaneous form of the disease with a single, ulcerated lesion on exposed areas of the body, which had generally been present for periods of less than six months. Mucosal involvement increased with age and was highest in patients who had sought medical care at a later stage. The Montenegro skin test showed the highest sensitivity. Finding the parasite was more difficult in older lesions.
Suspicion of the disease at an early stage is of extreme importance for a precise diagnosis. A combination of parasitological and immunological tests renders laboratory diagnosis more reliable.
美洲皮肤利什曼病是一种临床表现多样的疾病，在巴西各地不断蔓延，南马托格罗索州是一个重要的流行地区。
评估美洲皮肤利什曼病患者的临床、流行病学和实验室特征。研究对象为在巴西南马托格罗索联邦大学玛丽亚·阿帕雷西达·佩德罗斯安教学医院就诊的患者。
这是一项采用描述性和分析性方法的横断面观察性研究。对1998年至2008年期间在该机构接受治疗并被转诊至该机构寄生虫学实验室以确诊的疑似美洲皮肤利什曼病患者的数据进行回顾性评估。纳入研究的患者需考虑临床和实验室标准。
47名患者纳入研究，其中大多数为男性，年龄在45至59岁之间。大多数患者表现为皮肤型疾病，身体暴露部位有单个溃疡病灶，病程一般少于6个月。黏膜受累随年龄增加，在就诊较晚阶段的患者中最为常见。蒙氏皮肤试验显示出最高的敏感性。在较老的病灶中更难找到寄生虫。
早期怀疑该病对于准确诊断极为重要。寄生虫学和免疫学检测相结合可使实验室诊断更可靠。
