Academy of Sport and Physical Acitivty, Faculty of Health & Wellebing, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S10 2BP, UK.
Food Group, Sheffield Business School, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK.
J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2019 Apr 11;16(1):17. doi: 10.1186/s12970-019-0286-7.
Caffeine has been shown to enhance strength, power and endurance, characteristics that underpin performance in rugby. Caffeinated gum has attracted interest as a novel vehicle for delivering caffeine, because absorption of caffeine from gum is quick. Rapid absorption of caffeine may be useful during rugby matches when there is limited time for supplementation such as at half-time or when substitutes enter play. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a low dose of caffeine in gum improves performance in a battery of rugby-specific tests.
In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design, 17 male university-standard rugby players (mass: 85.6 ± 6.3 kg; height: 179.4 ± 6.2 cm; age: 20.4 ± 1.2 years) chewed caffeinated gum (200 mg caffeine) or a placebo gum on two occasions separated by a week. After a standardized warm-up, gum was chewed for 5 min. Subsequently, participants performed three countermovement jumps, followed by an Illinois agility test, 6 × 30 m repeated sprints, and the Yo-Yo IR-2 test; each test was separated by short rest periods.
Caffeinated gum enhanced countermovement jump by 3.6% (caffeine: 43.7 ± 7.6 cm vs. placebo: 42.2 ± 6.2 cm; d = 0.22, 95% CI [0.006, 0.432]; p = 0.044). There was a greater resistance to fatigue during the 6 × 30 m repeated sprint test (fatigue index caffeine: 102.2 ± 0.9% vs. placebo: 103.3 ± 1.2%; d = 1.03, 95% CI [0.430, 1.613]; p = 0.001), and performance on the Yo-Yo IR2 was improved by 14.5% (caffeine: 426 ± 105 m, placebo: 372 ± 91 m; d = 0.55, 95% CI [0.130, 0.957]; p = 0.010). Caffeine gum had no significant effect on the Illinois agility test (caffeine 16.22 ± 1.08 s vs. placebo 15.88 ± 1.09 s; d = - 0.31, 95% CI [- 0.855, 0.240]; p = 0.271).
In university-standard rugby players, a low dose of caffeine (200 mg) supplied in chewing gum enhanced performance on the Yo-Yo IR-2 test and the countermovement jump test and reduced fatigue index during repeated sprints. These improvements in a battery of rugby-specific tests may transfer to enhanced performance in rugby matches.
咖啡因已被证明能增强力量、功率和耐力，这些特点是橄榄球表现的基础。咖啡因口香糖作为一种新的输送咖啡因的载体引起了人们的兴趣，因为口香糖中的咖啡因吸收很快。在橄榄球比赛中，当补充时间有限时，例如在中场休息或替补上场时，快速吸收咖啡因可能会很有用。本研究的目的是确定低剂量咖啡因口香糖是否能提高一系列特定于橄榄球的测试的表现。
在一项双盲、随机、安慰剂对照、交叉设计的研究中，17 名男性大学生橄榄球运动员（体重：85.6±6.3kg；身高：179.4±6.2cm；年龄：20.4±1.2 岁）两次分别咀嚼含咖啡因口香糖（200mg 咖啡因）或安慰剂口香糖，两次之间间隔一周。在标准热身之后，口香糖咀嚼 5 分钟。随后，参与者进行了三次反跳测试，然后是伊利诺伊州敏捷测试、6×30m 重复冲刺测试和 Yo-Yo IR-2 测试；每个测试之间都有短暂的休息时间。
咖啡因口香糖使反跳测试提高了 3.6%（咖啡因：43.7±7.6cm 与安慰剂：42.2±6.2cm；d=0.22，95%置信区间[0.006，0.432]；p=0.044）。在 6×30m 重复冲刺测试中，疲劳抵抗能力更强（咖啡因：102.2±0.9%与安慰剂：103.3±1.2%；d=1.03，95%置信区间[0.430，1.613]；p=0.001），Yo-Yo IR2 的表现提高了 14.5%（咖啡因：426±105m，安慰剂：372±91m；d=0.55，95%置信区间[0.130，0.957]；p=0.010）。咖啡因口香糖对伊利诺伊州敏捷测试没有显著影响（咖啡因 16.22±1.08s 与安慰剂 15.88±1.09s；d=-0.31，95%置信区间[-0.855，0.240]；p=0.271）。
在大学生橄榄球运动员中，低剂量（200mg）咖啡因口香糖能提高 Yo-Yo IR-2 测试和反跳测试的表现，并降低重复冲刺的疲劳指数。这些对一系列特定于橄榄球的测试的改善可能会转化为橄榄球比赛表现的提高。
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