Effect of Treatment on Long-term Mortality in Patients with Hypertension.

A meta-analysis of randomized trials performed in healthy asymptomatic individuals suggested that overall mortality may increase after eradication despite a significant decrease in the gastric cancer incidence and mortality rates. This retrospective population-based cohort study investigated if treatment is associated with an increase in overall mortality in patients with hypertension. From the database of the Korean National Health Insurance Sample Cohort, we selected 198,487 patients treated for hypertension between 2002 and 2010. Those who received treatment ( treatment cohort, 5,541 patients) were matched to those who did not (nontreatment cohort, 11,082 patients) at the ratio of 1 to 2. The primary outcome was the risk of overall mortality. The secondary outcomes were the risks of mortality due to cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, and cancer. The outcomes were evaluated from 6 months after treatment to December 2013. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs). During a median follow-up period of 4.8 years, death from any cause was reported in 4.1% of the patients in the treatment cohort and 5.5% of the patients in the nontreatment cohort. The adjusted HR (aHR) for overall mortality in the treatment cohort was 0.70 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.60 to 0.82; p<0.001). With regard to cause-specific mortality, compared with the nontreatment cohort, the treatment cohort had a lower risk of mortality due to cerebrovascular disease (aHR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.26 to 0.81; p=0.007). The risks of mortality due to cancer and cardiovascular disease were not different between the cohorts. treatment is not associated with an increase in overall mortality in patients treated for hypertension.