National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Japan.
J Occup Health. 2019 Jul;61(4):269-277. doi: 10.1002/1348-9585.12016. Epub 2019 Jan 22.
Cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases (CCVDs) and mental disorders, including suicide, are prevalent among overworked individuals in Japan. The 2014 legislation regarding the prevention of overwork-related deaths and disorders has accelerated the research in this field and ultimately the implementation of preventive actions.
To understand the current problematic situations, the Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders of the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan, conducted analyses of compensated claims for overwork-related CCVDs and mental disorders that were recognized from January 2010 to March 2015.
The majority of CCVD cases were the men in their 50s. Transport and postal activities was the highest risk industry. Cerebrovascular cases were higher than cardiovascular ones. Long working hours was the principal factor for CCVDs. The mental disorder cases comprised approximately 70% men and affected younger age groups (peak in the third decade) with various industries at risk. In men, there was an almost equal number of F3 (Mood [affective] disorders) and F4 (Neurotic, stress-related, and somatoform disorders) diagnoses according to the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. A larger number of women were diagnosed to have F4. The mental disorder cases were associated not only with long working hours, but also with injuries and disasters as well as interpersonal conflict at work.
Multiple, simultaneous actions need to be made by employees, employers, researchers, and the authorities to achieve the goal of reducing the number of workers suffering from the overwork-related CCVDs and mental disorders.
在日本，脑血管病和心血管病（CCVD）以及精神障碍，包括自杀，在工作过度的人群中较为普遍。2014 年出台的关于预防与工作过度相关的死亡和障碍的法律加速了该领域的研究，并最终推动了预防措施的实施。
为了了解当前的问题情况，日本国家职业安全与健康研究所过劳相关障碍研究中心对 2010 年 1 月至 2015 年 3 月期间认定的与工作过度相关的 CCVD 和精神障碍的赔偿索赔进行了分析。
大多数 CCVD 病例为 50 多岁的男性。交通运输和邮政活动是风险最高的行业。脑血管病的病例多于心血管病。工作时间长是 CCVD 的主要因素。精神障碍病例中约 70%为男性，且影响年龄较小的群体（第三十年达到峰值），各行业均有风险。在男性中，根据《国际疾病分类和相关健康问题第十次修订版》，F3（心境[情感]障碍）和 F4（神经症性、应激相关和躯体形式障碍）的诊断数量几乎相等。女性中 F4 的诊断数量更多。精神障碍病例不仅与工作时间长有关，还与受伤和灾难以及工作中的人际冲突有关。
员工、雇主、研究人员和当局需要采取多项同步行动，以实现减少因工作过度而患 CCVD 和精神障碍的工人数量的目标。
